Machiavelli And Morality Essay -- essays research papers

When reading Niccolo Machiavellis The Prince, one cant help but grasp Machiavellis argument that righteousness and politics can not exist in the same forum. However, when examining Machiavellis various concepts in depth, one can conclude that perhaps his suggested violence and abhorrence is fueled by a moral end of sorts. First and foremost, one must have the understanding that this book is aimed solely at the Prince or emperor moth with the express purpose of aiding him in maintaining violence. Therefore, it is essential to grasp his concepts of fortune and virtue. These two contrary concepts reflect the manner in which a Prince should govern while minimizing alone chance and uncertainty. This kind of governing demands violence to be taken, however this is only done for the strict purpose of maintaining his throne, and generating both fear and admiration from his people. In every(prenominal) cases of violence, Machiavelli limits the amount of violence that needs to be taken do wn to the minimum, and most cases the victims of these pretends are enemies of the people. Behind the violence, the prince is essenti anyy taking the role of the villain and assuming whole bad acts so that his people do not have to suffer and commit the acts themselves. In addition, all the Prince asks for is to not threaten his power and to respect it. In the 16th Century, this request is feeble compared to those of other hierarchical Monarchies. In the end, Machiavellis Prince assumes all the burden of violence while leaving his noble people to act as they feel accordingly without worry of their lively hood. This is Machiavellis ultimate stroke of theology.Before examining how the inter treat of violence and politics lead to morality in the end, it is important to analyze exactly what Machiavelli demands of his Prince. First and foremost, Machiavelli harps upon the concept of fortune and virtue. By fortune, he means that everything is left to chance, while nothing will guarante e that a certain event will occur. Machiavelli writes that a Great long standing Prince never rules with fortune. Through risk and chance, one leaves him open to failure thus action should be withheld if an element of chance is involved. Machiavelli ties virtue very closely to that of prudence. He defines virtue as acting exceptionally and draws a distinction between morality and virtue. In many respects Mach... ... because although one could be reveled as a martyr, the possible effects of a new princes statutes far outweigh the benefits of cosmos a martyr. As a martyr people simply become energized and support your cause. However, if a Prince is such martyr, that would mean a new Prince is in power and could instill far worse conditions upon the people. Therefore, with his subjects as the top priority, morality demands that the Prince must stay alive and allow the people to prosper under his free monarchy.Machiavellis Prince is a book in which Machiavelli outlines the actions a P rince must take to hold and maintain power in a principality. Within the context of the book, Machiavelli brings forth the view that prudent violence must be done in order to maintain the throne. In addition, he strongly expresses the ideology that a Prince can not be both moral and political. However, behind this argument lays the foundation of morality. The Princes evil actions although not moral seem to sustain morality for the subjects within his principality. The Prince assumes all immoral behaviors and thus, by sacrifices himself for the people, is indeed moral in the end.

A Defense Of Individualism Based On Foydor Dostoevskys Novel:notes F E

Fyodor Dostoevskys novel, NOTES FROM THE UNDERGROUND, has held many labels, such as being a case history of nuerosis or a specimen of modern tragedy. The most popular label it has obtained however, is being the authors defense of individualism.The novel is writen as a performance, part triad, part memoir, by a anonymous personage who claims to be writing for hiomself but consistently maipulates the reader--of whom he is morbidly aware-- to the point where there seems to be no judgement the reader can work which has not already been made by the writer himself.The underground man is represenative as a product of individaul pathology or a biographical accident. He is " integrity of the characters of our recent past," part of a generation that is living out its days among us. Internal eveidence makes it clear that his generation is of the 1840s. He shows the fate of the isolated petty work and Dostoevkian dreamer twenty years after, surveying his wasted bread and butter in t he new spiritual climate of the 1860s and at the same time finding plea for his own grotesque being in the simplistic views of the human nature now current.IN the first part of the novel, the underground man describes himself and his views, and attempts, as it were, to wrap up the reasons why he appeared and is bound in our midst. The mention of his self and his views raise thequestion of how the two are related. Are we to understand his views as the product of his wasted life or independently? There...

Management Techniques For The Red-cockaded Woodpecker On Federal Lands :: essays research papers

Management Techniques For The Red-Cockaded Woodpecker On Federal LandsABSTRACTThe red-cockaded neb (Picoides borealis) has been listed as an endangeredspecies since October, 1970. This species inhabits fade forests in thesoutheastern United States where the majority of prime timberland is privatelyowned. Private ownership of preferred home ground and historically destructivesilvicultural practices create erratic problems for federal wildlife managers.This report analyzes three management techniques being used to assess andaugment red-cockaded woodpecker populations on federal lands in the region,primarily military installations. pursuit cooperation between diversegovernment agencies, wildlife managers attempt to accurately assess speciesabundance, alter woodpecker nesting cavities, and construct nest sites in aneffort to enhance red-cockaded woodpecker habitat on limited federal holdings inthe American southeast.Key words Picoides borealis, Global Positioning System, Geographic InformationSystem, cavity trees, cavity restrictors     The red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) is an endangered speciesthat inhabits pine forests in an historical range from Texas to the Atlanticcoast (Jackson, 1986 Reed et al., 1988). Picoides borealis nest in clans orfamily groups that usually consist of atomic number 53 breeding pair and 2 non-breeding malehelpers (Jackson, 1986 ). This group establishes and defends a territory thatincludes foraging habitat and nesting "cavity trees" (Copeyon et al., 1991Jackson et al., 1986 Rossell and Gorsira, 1996). Red-cockaded woodpeckerclans excavate cavities in backing pines, and have established a living andforaging routine in conjunction with the southeastern pine forests and thehistorical occurrence of fire, which reduces hardwood understory while sparing fire-resistant pines (Jackson, 1986). Much of the prime nesting and foraginghabitat for this species has been systematically eliminated due to d evelopment,timber harvest and intensive fire suppression (Jackson, 1986). The emergenceof dense hardwood understory and midstory as a result of fire suppression inred-cockaded woodpecker habitat has resulted in the abandonment of manyotherwise undisturbed areas (Jackson, 1986 Kelly et al., 1993).     The red-cockaded woodpecker has been listed as endangered since 1970(Federal Register, 1970 as cited by Ertep and Lee, 1994). Four requirementsfor sustained red-cockaded woodpecker populations that are lacking in thespecies historical range are identified as critical to species stabilization and recovery 1.) Open pine forests with shade tolerant understory controlled bycyclical fire seasons 2.) Old growth Pinus palustrus ancient > 95 years and Pinustaeda aged > 75 years 3.) Approximately 200 acres for nesting group or clan4.) Multiple clans per area to maintain genetic stability and variability(Jackson, 1986). The fortune to establish or preserve these habitatq ualities on private timberland is largely lost due to historical harvestpractices and development, and research on expanding populations on federal

Essay example --

I do always believe in the fact that the more knowledge you gain, the more professional you become. This made me an obvious choice to attend graduate studies to meet the pinnacle of professional excellence. Presently I am pursuing my final semester of undergraduate study in information processing system Science and technology I feel it is the right time to take a decision regarding my Masters that contributes for better molding of my future career in the field.The philosophy which I strongly believe in my life is A person may not put in his complete efforts in doing a work that he is intended to do but, he will surely give his 100% if the work he does is of his interest. In my entire journey from my schooling to undergraduate study, I was always fascinated by the tremendous advancements in technology that made many troublesome tasks convenient to the mankind. The computer technology has ushered in a revolution that is unprecedented in its sweep. Its effect on the everyday lives o f ordinary people has been phenomenal. Right from the super satellite control stations to the grocers cast down shop, the efficient office and the busy kitchen in the home this technology is all pervasive, all consuming. This is what makes it one of the most challenging fields as it not only(prenominal) meets needs but has the power to create new needs, rules and total environments of its own. In this pursuit of doing masters in my areas of interest, I was happy to go through coursework for Computer Science and am really interested to do my MS in CS at your esteemed university. I prefer a reputed university in US for its gamut of opportunities and good scope for research in my field of interest. Its a great privilege t... ... punctuality for which I am physically and mentally equipped. The master(prenominal) aim in opting for an American standard of education is very high competence Particularly in the field of Compu ter Science. Being a difficult working and committed student, I am certain that I will be able to cope with the rigors of an International curriculum with ease. My determination to succeed and do well will enable me to be among the better students of your college.I sincerely request you to consider my application for admission into your reputed university. I would be grateful to you if I am accorded the opportunity to pursue my higher studies and given the opportunity, I am sure that I will be able to achieve my goals keeping in touch with the expectations of the university.Looking forward to be a part of your Masters Degree Program.Thanks for your time

The Minimum Wage Must Be Increased Essay -- Argumentative Essay, Mini

Of course, nothing helps families make ends meet like higher pays. And to everyone in this Congress who still refuses to raise the stripped-down wage, I verbalize this If you truly believe you could work full-time and support a family on less(prenominal) than $15,000 a year, go try it. If not, vote to give millions of the hardest-working people in America a raise.President Obama, State of the Union address, Jan. 20, 2014In the 2014 State of the Union address, President Obama called on Congress to raise the national minimum wage from $7.25 to $10.10 an hour, and soon after signed an Executive Order to raise the minimum wage to $10.10 for the individuals working on new federal official service contracts. An increase in the minimum wage has been a topic of discussion for many years now, and it looks like this year will finally see the first increase of minimum wage in 10 years. Not everyone agrees that there should be an increase, but many states have already raised their minimum w age rates because of the federal governments inaction. Iowa raised the states wage, and it will rise again in 2016. Clearly there are benefits to a higher minimum wage the current minimum wage in the United States should be raised because it helps the economy by increasing employment, and it is now at the lowest appraise it has been in more than 50 years, causing hardship for earners of minimum wage.Many critics claim that that raising minimum wage increases unemployment, especially for unskilled workers, and harms small businesses, including market place stores and restaurants. The argument declares that companies such as these rely mostly on unskilled workers for labor, and if the minimum wage increases, then their profits and, therefore, hiring would decline, creating a... ...depends for existence on paying less than living wages to its workers has any right to continue in this country... -- President Franklin Roosevelt Works CitedBatra, Ravi.Greenspans Fraud How Two Decades of His Policies Have Undermined the Global Economy.New York, NY Palgrave Macmillan,2005.Bernstein, Jared. Would Raising the tokenish Wage Harm the Economy? The CQ Researcher 16 Dec. 20051069.Chasanov, Amy. No Longer Getting By. 11 May 2004. Economic Policy Institute. 6 May 2007. .Ehrenreich, Barbara. nickel and Dimed On (Not) Getting by in America.New York, NY Metropolitan Books,2001.Katel, Peter. Minimum Wage. The CQ Researcher 16 Dec. 2005 1055-1072.The Value of the Minimum Wage. Economic Policy Institute.6 May 2007. .

The Minimum Wage Must Be Increased Essay -- Argumentative Essay, Mini

Of course, nothing helps families make ends meet like higher enlists. And to everyone in this Congress who still refuses to raise the minimal wage, I say this If you truly believe you could work full-time and support a family on less than $15,000 a year, go try it. If not, vote to send millions of the hardest-working people in America a raise.President Obama, State of the Union address, Jan. 20, 2014In the 2014 State of the Union address, President Obama called on Congress to raise the study minimum wage from $7.25 to $10.10 an hour, and soon after signed an Executive Order to raise the minimum wage to $10.10 for the individuals working on new federal swear out contracts. An increase in the minimum wage has been a topic of discussion for many years now, and it looks like this year will finally see the beginning increase of minimum wage in 10 years. Not everyone agrees that there should be an increase, but many states have already raised their minimum wage rates because of the f ederal governments inaction. Iowa raised the states wage, and it will rise again in 2016. Clearly there are benefits to a higher minimum wage the current minimum wage in the United States should be raised because it helps the economy by increasing employment, and it is now at the lowest value it has been in more than 50 years, causing hardship for earners of minimum wage.Many critics claim that that raising minimum wage increases unemployment, especially for untaught workers, and harms small businesses, including grocery stores and restaurants. The argument declares that companies such as these rely mostly on unskilled workers for labor, and if the minimum wage increases, then their profits and, therefore, hiring would decline, creating a... ...depends for existence on paying less than living wages to its workers has any right to continue in this country... -- President Franklin Roosevelt Works CitedBatra, Ravi.Greenspans Fraud How Two Decades of His Policies Have Undermined the Global Economy. naked as a jaybird York, NY Palgrave Macmillan,2005.Bernstein, Jared. Would Raising the Minimum Wage Harm the Economy? The CQ Researcher 16 Dec. 20051069.Chasanov, Amy. No Longer Getting By. 11 May 2004. Economic insurance Institute. 6 May 2007. .Ehrenreich, Barbara.Nickel and Dimed On (Not) Getting by in America.New York, NY Metropolitan Books,2001.Katel, Peter. Minimum Wage. The CQ Researcher 16 Dec. 2005 1055-1072.The Value of the Minimum Wage. Economic Policy Institute.6 May 2007. .

The Life World of Alfred Schutz

The valet de chambre of everyday life is known as the life-world in Schutzs sociology. People are oriented to the life-world in the raw(a) attitude, in which the world is taken for granted until a problematic situation emerges. Schutz maintained that the life-world is defined by six characteristics. First, it is characterized by wide-awakeness in which the actor gives overflowing attention to life and its requirements. Second, the world is taken for granted actors suspend any doubt of the existence of the life-world. Third, citizenry work in the life-world they gear into the life-world.Fourth, people come across the working self as the total self in the life-world. Fifth, the social life of the life-world is characterized by intersubjectivity. Sixth, the actors flow of time intersects with the flow of time of society. The life world is an intersubjective world, one that existed before our birth it was created by our predecessors and it was given to us to experience and interpre t. Ones life-world, in other words, predates an individuals birth and is given to them to struggle with and attempt to transform.The life-world is therefore constraining, and people are always trying to shape or dominate it Cultural world was created by people in the past as in the nonplus because it originates in and has been instituted by human actions all cultural objects such as tools, symbols, languages, art, and social institutions point back to the origin and meaning of human action In his analysis of the life world Schutz was mainly concerned with the shared social stock of experience that leads to more or less habitual action Schutz views knowledge as the most variable element in our stock of knowledge because in a problematic situation we are able to come up with innovative ways of handling the situation Two aspects of stock of knowledge that is less likely to become problematic 1. Knowledge of skills- most basic knowledge that rarely becomes problematic 2. Useful knowl edge- definite solution to a situation that was once problematic

Medical Experimentation

In to twenty-four hourss society things have changed rusticall(a)y over time in law enforcement to the point that a shown act of kindness by an law of nature officer is seen as a bad thing at times. An officer is known in the professional field as a public servant, this means that they hobo put on the coat of many and play many roles in a community of interests. Although an officer has duties that must be carried out on a daily basis it must be done within the guidelines of the law.All state and local laws have codes for all laws and the punishment that can be given if convicted of these particular crimes, only if as an officer there is certain discretion that can be pulmonary tuberculosisd and he offender may get off with fitting a warning. This is a part of an officers Job that sometimes will come back to haunt them. Many times an officer may give a somebody a warning on a simple crime and later down the road the same person commits the same offense on a higher level, now th e questions that would be asked are how does this affect the community? Is there a standard for officers that show discretion? , and is this ethical in the law enforcement community? This paper will discuss the different ways that this topic could be critical to the criminal Justice community. Police Discretion Deputies and officers in day to day society faced with a vast array of situations on a daily basis that they must deal with. Law enforcement officers handle lots of issues and no two encounters or situations are the same.Officers are on the streets daily and put into positions where they usually have to handle certain situations alone, and have little advice or mediocre supervision. This shed light ons up the heart of discretion in an officer. The look into shows that acts of discretion by officers have benefits and problems that follow these acts. Sometimes these acts can evolve into he denial of citizens rights. check to Engel (2007), By discretion, we in the field of c riminal Justice are generally referring to official actions by criminal Justice officials, found on individuals Judgments about the trounce course of action.Research shows that discretion can be when an officer uses legal sanctions. This can be when an officer is on a traffic stop, giving a slating or making an arrest. The time when an officer is most at odds to use discretion is in a case of use of force withstand the amount of force or weather to use any at all. (Hunter 1985 Terrible et al. 2002. ) One there broad use could be when an officer has to settle a decision on dividing the amount of services or various duties that are to be performed. Engel 2007). A prime example would be when on police and answering a call, assisting a stranded motorist, the amount of time spent assisting , and a third would be non-sanction, and non- service that an officer will perform much(prenominal) as community policing. Further research that was conducted shown by Goldstein, describes discr etion in another way Choosing Objectives Choosing Methods of intervention Choosing how to dispose of cases Choosing investigative measures Choosing Field proceduresIssuing Permits and Licenses Benefits The research that was conducted shows that Goldstein states that the natures of police work require some use of discretion in the work environment. In his work he says that officers operate in an environment that on a frequent basis where officers are alone in a community where there are citizens their presence is needed, Research in communities show that officers must make quick decisions and usually without input from other sources.Although there is a range of a function of command these acts of discretion must be done without going up the chain of command. Goldstein (1977) ND Walker and Katz (2002) also point out that the very nature of the law is such that, in many cases, officers discretion extends to interpreting the meaning of the statutory text. It becomes, therefore, unreal istic to enforce the law equally due to the wide interpretation that can be a particular law.Other benefits from the use of discretion may be based on economics and the resources that a department may have. In many cities to make a long story short there are Just not enough officers, jails, prisons, courts, or community based programs to handle the amount of people that are processed through the criminal Justice system. Goldstein says that officers must use discretion on a daily basis in their work place because if an officer did not use discretion when answering calls then they would be completely occupied all the time.Problems While there are benefits there are also problems with police discretion, research shows that in all agencies officers are all different and have different make up and ways of handling situations. The lack of consistency is a major problem for citizens because they never know what to foresee from that particular officer. When a community builds distrust in a n officer it not only realises problems with the public ND police but also can create unwarranted confrontation in communities. All too many times we see this in the news.The one major problem of distrust and the police is when world rights are violated this can cause major uproars in communities (Engel 2007 Bittier 1974). Conclusion It is shown that police discretion has it good and bad effects in a community. The inwardness need of a community and how they are policed and the services that are provided, discretion most of the time provides sometimes trust but as seen in the research can also provide distrust. It provides for the quick, sometimes split second, session-making process that is involved

Restaurant Review Essay

Review of China knock RestaurantI am a nutrient lover, and I enjoyed eating in a Chinese restaurant. I tried different restaurants in our take aim, but what interests me most is the China Buffet Restaurant. China Buffet is located at Madison Avenue at the heart of Mankato, one of the biggest cities in Minnesota. The restaurant has a seating capacity of approximately 100 people. They afford several food institutionalises. Although the name China Buffet speaks for itself, their food stations consist of American, Italian, and Japanese food. The owner purposely includes a variety of food because of competition. I enjoyed eating at China Buffet because of its affordability, delicious food, and the beautiful setting. The price of their buffet is $10 per person, and it includes beverages. There are a variety of salads in their salad station fruit, vegetable, and seafood. Their main meal is composed of chicken, pork, beef, and fish. For dessert, they serve ice cream, cookies, and diffe rent kinds of cakes. For their beverages, they serve soda, milk, juice, and chocolate milk, but tea is my favorite. The food is excellent so its puff up worth the price.China Buffets food is excellent and healthy. They have food stations for meat lovers and vegetarians. Their newly-opened sushi and hibachi bar is the restaurants enthrone glory. Sushi and California maki is my starter with matching wasabi sauce. I tried their hibachi too, but it fills me up right away. The seafood station is consisting of runt, crab meat, clams and mussels. They have different kinds of shrimp meal. I tried their crispy shrimp which was coated with flour and egg and some seasoning. I love the crispiness of its shell and the softness of the shrimps meat. Their chicken satay blends well with fried rice. Their Happy Family meal that is common in the Chinese restaurant is so delicious. They call it Happy Family because it has chicken, pork, beef, shrimp, and mixed vegetables stir-fried in soy sauce and sugar. When it comes to dessert, they have different kinds of ice cream, but I love Butter Pecan the most because of its softness and creaminess. I cant armed service but to look around at the restaurants attractive ambiance while I am eating.A typical Chinese restaurant, thither were Chinese pictures hanging, but I love the huge picture of the Great Wall of China. From afar, it looks like a mural engraved on the restaurants wall. The hanging lamp gives warmth and serenity of the area. Their utensils and drink dispensers are organized and the carpet is very clean. They have a huge fish tank where most of the children are enjoying watching the fish. The ladies room is clean and odor free.China Buffet might not be the best Chinese Restaurant in Minnesota, but it stands out(a) from other Chinese restaurants because its cheap. Its affordable price attracts customers to give it a try. Their delicious food is so inviting. The cozy atmosphere makes it a perfect place to eat and bond wit h a family.This week, I focused on improving my draft thesis statement, organization, developing my conclusion, and correcting grammar and comma errors. I omitted the third person in my first paragraph to demonstrate that my primary audience is my professor. I read aloud my essay and found some grammatical errors. I read my Professors comments and edited my essay by following what she had written in the comments. I followed Smarthinkings editing advice on grammar and comma errors.

Boy Band Bash

Remember New Edition? You know you do.. the Mr. Telephone Man song.. Bobby Brown and those kooky guys known as Bell Biv and DeVoe.. I know you memorialise the late 80s.. 1988, 89. New Kids On The Block were like, the boy band du jour. But alas, the 90s rolled around and heavier grunge music like Nirvana and Soundgarden, as intumesce as a heavier, edgier rap such as Ice Cube and Snoop Doggy Dog took over the music scene.. Thus ends our tale somewhere along the lines, while rap and R&B maintained their power, rock music lost a bit of theirs, letting pop music spectre back into the scene.I suppose that the Spice Girls can carry some blame for that by being the first pop group to get break there, and while there are a couple of Spice Girl clones, they arent as prevalent as the boy bands that followed. 1998 had unleashed a torrent of boy bands on the US, many of whom spent time in Europe to start a cult following. The following is a run down of the Boy Bands that exact leftover Unle ss youve been living under a rock, the Orlando based group, Backstreet Boys reigned supreme as the exculpate Boy Band in 1998. With the top selling album in 1998 bathroomTitanic, the Backstreet Boys have just released a new album and are planning a second world tour. The band enjoyed 4 top 10 hit in 1998, including As Long as You Love Me, Everybody (Backstreets Back), Ill Never Break You Heart, and Quit Playing Games (With my Heart). Their world tour pulled in $10 one thousand thousand. The eye of 1998 brought a lawsuit between the band and Lou Pearlman. While the details of the settlement has not been released, it resulted in the dismissal of their management team, Donna & Johnny Wright, with Lou Pearlman being named a teammate with the Backstreet Boys for 1/6 of the action.Pearlmans Trans-Continental Records is still in legal entanglements with the Backstreet Boyss label, Jive/Zomba. This may or may not be one of the reasons why Trans-Continental began promoting N Sync, a rep lica of the Backstreet Boys, more aggressively For better or for worse, the fans are happy that N Sync, another Orlando based band, left their mark in 1998. With their self highborn album the 22nd topselling album of the year (with 4 million albums sell since its release last March), and Top Ten Christmas album, the group is also enjoying the success of one-third top ten singles, Tearin Up My Heart, I Want You Back, and (God Must Have Spent) A Little More Time On You.Their live single, I Drive Myself Crazy, is climbing the charts. Their success proves that theres plenty of love (and money) to go around at the top of the music chart. Backstreet Boys and N Syncs album have switched positions in the top many times in the last months of 1998. Not to be left out, the original managers for the Spice Girls have formed another group, Five. With top selling singles, When The Lights Go Out and Everybody Get Up, the five lads from England wandered into the U. S. st October.While the recepti on has been warm, their success in Europe will keep them in the the public eye for an aggressive promotion Breaking away from the pre-packaged format of boy bands, 98 Degrees, like N Sync, packaged themself and went in search of management. The band snuck backstage at a Boyz II Men concert and the result was a manager in the form of Paris DJon. With their first album behind them, 1998 had these Ohio native arrangement True to Your Heart for Disneys Mulan. At the end of 1998, they released their second album, 98 Degrees and Rising.The band is now embarking on their summer tour with their Top 10 single, Because of You, pencil lead the way. One of the most popular boy band in the U. K. has barely made a mark in the United States. Despite a million dollar campaign last August, the group has barely touched the U. S. Billboard charts. Boyzone is one of the oldest, both in term of longevity and age of the members, of the boy bands. However, the cognomen may be a misnomer. All of the gu ys are all over 26, and one of whom has a son.The fact that they dont quite fit into the cookie cutter couch of a boy and may be the reason they havent done as well in the U. S. The more likely reason, though, is that the label doesnt quite know how to place Boyzone into their carefully constructed While most of the current crop of boy bands have been around for several years (even if U. S. fans havent heard of them until now), the recording industry is preparing for the future hoping the elan can sustain itself. The trend has so far been proven successful, Joey McIntyre and Jordon Knight, who previously where a part of New Kids On The Block, have recently became hits.Also, former Mannuedo star, Ricky Martin has rosiness again with his smash hit, Livin La Vida Loca. 1999 will prove to be an interesting year, as the industry watch to see if the Meanwhile fans continue to flock to sold out shows to see their favorite members of the Backstreet Boys or N Sync. Teenagers driven by ho rmones into their first crush, enjoy collecting pictures of their favorite members. Is this a plan to brainwash puerile girls into buying millions of CDs, created by Lou Pearlman, king of Boy Bands? Just like how many licks it takes to get to the bottom of the Tootsie Pop, The World May Never Know.

Mercury Athletic Case Essay

West Coast Fashions, Inc. (WCF), a large designer and marketer of mens and womens branded apparel tardily announced plans for a strategic reorganization. Active Gear, Inc. (AG), a privately held foot seize come with, was contemplating an acquisition opportunity. John Liedtke, the head of transaction development for AG, was interested in a WCF subsidiary. The subsidiary that Liedtke and AG intended to acquire was Mercury Athletic (MA), a footwear company. Liedtke thought acquiring Mercury would roughly double AGs revenue, increase its leverage with contract manufacturers and expand its presence with key retailers and distributors. In order to provide a solid recommendation to Liedtke, further analysis moldiness be performed.Market OverviewThe apparel or footwear industry is highly competitive with low growth. The market is influenced by fashion trends, price, quality and style. Companies can debase risk factors by not following fashion trends which equates to efficient and good i nventory management and missed profit opportunities.Active GearAG is a relatively small athletic and casual footwear company. It has annual revenues of $470.3M (42% of revenues came from athletic shoes), and $60.4M of operating income. Casting a shadow over these numbers are AGs typical competitors. AGs typical competitor has annual sales over $1.0B. Because of Chinese manufacturing contract consolidations, AGs size was fitting a disadvantage due to low buying power vs. competitors. AGs initial focus was to produce and market high-quality specialty shoes for golf game and tennis players. AG was among the first companies to offer fashionable, walking, hiking and boating footwear. Over the years, the firms athletic shoes had evolved from high-performance footwear to athletic fashion wear with aclassic image.The firms traditional casual shoes also offered classic styling, but were aimed at a broader, more mainstream market. AGs target demographic was urban and suburbanites, ranging fr om 25-45 in age. AGs distribution channels consisted of independent retailers, departmental stores, and wholesalers. AG excluded wide box retailers and discount stores. AG focused on intersection points that didnt follow fashion trends, resulting in a lengthened product lifecycle. This business model led to more efficient and effective supply chain and operating management. However, because they opted for the safe route it halted the companys sales and growth opportunity.Mercury AthleticMercury Athletic was purchased by WCF from its throw Daniel Fiore. Fiore was forced to sell the company after running it for over 35 years, due to health problems. Due to a strategic reorganization, the plan called for the divestiture of MA and separate non-core WCF assets. MA had revenues of $431.1M and an EBITDA of $51.8MProducts were distributed to departmental and discount storesIt had two product lines- athletic and casual footwearTarget market of some(prenominal) men and womenShoes popular ity grew in the extreme sports marketMA developed an operating infrastructure, allowing management to quickly adapt to changes in customer tastes with product specifications. 1. Is Mercury an appropriate target for AG? why or why not?Let me walk you through some qualitative considerations before making my recommendation.Strategic considerationsAG and MA are both competing in the athletic and casual footwear industry. Acquiring MA could lead to economies of scale and scope through manufacturing and distribution networks, respectively. Acquiring MA- AG would be little affected by the Chinese manufacturing contract consolidation, due to increased buying powers. AG could potentially revive and profit from acquiring Mercurys womens product line. Acquiring MA will double AGsannual revenue.Counter arguments-AG and MA target demographics could not produce company synergies MA is fashion trendy, therefore prone to risks outside of AGs steady business model Company cultures could not match2 . Review the projections by Liedtke. Are they appropriate? How would you recommend modifying them? In order to find if the projections are reasonable, you need a starting point. Using projected growth rates and EBIT should aim if Liedtkes data is solid. Referencing the Free Cash Flow and Terminal evaluate tables (found below), I will be able to generate an opinion of Liedtkes projections. course of instruction to year growth rates are extremely volatile, normalizing in 2010.The negative rate could signify that in 2007 they are projecting to discontinue a product line. The swing back to a positive growth rate could be indication of AG leveraging its economies of scale and scope, while distributing their product lines through big box retailers. EBIT has been projected to gradually increase, which looks to be on par with industry norms. It is reasonable to say that Liedtkes projections properly reflect AGs business model, post-acquisition.3. See tables and calculations below4. Do yo u regard the value you obtained as conservative or aggressive? Why? From my analysis, the value I obtained seemed to be aggressive against the instruction provided. Referencing the tables belowTerminal or Enterprise Value is HighSynergies are excluded from financial analysisDeclining revenue growth5. How would you analyze possible synergies or other sources of value not reflected in Liedtkes base assumption? In order to analyze possible synergies, I would look at both companies operations. head start from where they source their materials to distributing their final product are all possibilities of operational synergies (buying power, distribution channels, inventory management, etc). Financial synergies would include combining revenues and cost benefits, which translate to increasing empennage line.Company culture matching could also become problematic.Quantitative AnalysisNet Working CapitalFree Cash FlowWACCTerminal ValueValuationNPV, IRR and Payback PeriodConclusionNet prese nt value of future cash flows equates to a positive $0.2M. Internal rate of return or IRR is the interest rate at which the net present value of all the cash flows from a project or investment equal zero. The IRR of this acquisition is 28%. Having a positive NPV and an IRR that considerably outweighs the discount and risk free rate- suggests that this acquisition should be pursued. In conclusion, AG should acquire MA.

Bonacorso Insurance Agency, Burlington, MA

Bonacorso amends caller was created by John Bonacorso and Brittany Martel, in Burlington Massachusetts. Presently, that hole offers their only office, but an separate office building is being built in Middleton, Massachusetts, and it will be blunt soon. The company was originally completed in 1956, and it served as a local indemnification agency, but recently it has expanded to some degree, and offers various insurance portfolios in the private and business sectors.The company is a basic small insurance company, that is trying to acquire as many lymph nodes as possible, and to facilitate that action, the company offers discounts to new clients, and campaigns to provide batch who could potentialityly ransom with Bonacorso Insurance with free quotes, and the advantages of the company, comp atomic tour 18d with those of competitors. Bonacorso Insurance offers a number of basic policies and packages, and gladly provides quotes for potential clients.The make water life insur ance policies, homeowner policies, health reportage policies, railroad car insurance policies, policies for boat-owners, and for motorcycle owners. Life insurance premiums vary based on the specific conditions of given clients, but the policies usually cost between $500 and $1,500 per month. Depending on the size, condition, and overall value of a home, homeowners policies also vary greatly. For much conventional homes, policies start at $500 per month, and range up to, for the more than expensive homes, a rate of $250,000 monthly.Basic health insurance policies for those who qualify cost $360 a month. Automobile insurance policies range from $550 to $6000 dollars monthly, depending on the quality and condition of the vehicle. boat insurance is comparable in premium price to homeowners insurance, as its premiums range from $350 a month to $250,000 per month, based on the specifications of the boat. Motorcycle insurance is also offered by Bonacorso Insurance, and premiums for thi s type of insurance range from $225 to $350 monthly, depending on the quality of the motorcycle.That is how every successful insurance agency ope grade, as rates are assorted for every client depending on their histories, and certain specifications of what is to be covered. For more conventional cars, boats, motorcycles, and houses, rates may be lower, as not as much is at risk. But for expensive items, rates are generally higher, as are the deductibles, because the company will have to make a much larger payout if coverage proves to be needed. All of these policies also take into account the specific cases of each client who is covered by Bonacorso Insurance.Rates may be slightly higher for clients who have bad histories, and lower for those who have shown their responsibility. For instance, drivers whose records are free of accidents of their own fault alleviate on automobile insurance, as they present less of a fiscal risk to the company. But drivers who have been involved in a number of accidents will generally have higher premiums because the insurance agency feels that they are more likely to be involved in accidents, which the insurance company will pay for on their behalf.And in trying to recruit new clients, Bonacorso Insurance has heap who are hired to give people free quotes, hoping that that will encourage them to realize that they could be saving if they switched to Bonacorso. People who work for the agency seek potential clients, and show them their rates, compared to the rates of their competitors, or the national average of a premium for similar clients. Often, when new clients apply for policies with Bonacorso Insurance, discounts are offered to encourage the clients to remain with the agency, because it will save them m wizardy.The insurance agency also offers benefits to clients who remain accident free after joining the agency, which may show in a decreasing of premium rates for improving drivers. Automobile insurance is one of the com panys biggest fields, so a lot of the client benefits and rewards are offered in that field. Monthly get-togethers, or parties, are hosted by the company, which invites clients to attend the festivities, giving clients a homely, local feel about their insurance provider.Mugs, T-shirts, and other apparel and novelty items are given to clients as well. Businesses are also recruited by Bonacorso Insurance company, and certain benefits are offered to particular businesses. Portfolios for businesses that offer coverage in a number of areas are provided for professional clients, which gives many businesses inducement to join the agency. And much like other insurance companies that work with businesses, certain services may be exchanged between a business and Bonacorso Insurance agency.For instance, if a business agrees to speak out in favor of the agency, or host certain agency events, which shows the business satisfaction with the agency, potentially encouraging other businesses to comp are rates and perhaps switch to Bonacorso, rates and portfolios may be less costly for the business. The agency has been growing in popularity lately, and has expanded from just a small, local boat and automobile coverage agency to one that offers all of the amenities of a larger, more established firm.In 1983, John Bonacorso took the company down a new road, which opened the company to the market of home insurance policies, health insurance policies, life insurance policies, and motorcycle insurance policies. One of the major benefits of the company is that premiums are cut for improving clients. Clients who had histories of accidents at home or in their vehicles would generally have higher premiums initially, but like some of the larger insurance agencies such as State Farm and Progressive are doing, rates may decrease for a client if his or her record improves, as that shows that he or she presents less risk to the agency.Bonacorso Insurance only sustains itself by its number of clients. For any insurance agency to succeed, the number of clients has to be somewhat established, and it cannot sharply decrease. For example, if on that point were only three clients that an agency had acquired, who were paying an average of $500 a month for their automobile insurance, it would potentially ruin the agency if one of the cars was to be totaled, create many thousands of dollars in damages.But one in three cars being totaled in a short period is very bad odds for the insurance agency, and if one thousand in three thousand clients totaled their vehicles, it would have the same devastating effects on the insurance agency as if one in three was totaled. But the risk is much higher when the number of clients is low, because with a large number of clients, the firm acquires a level of stability, as the premiums of everyone else would be used to cover the accidents of the few.So Bonacorso Insurance makes it clear that they are always looking for clients, and they tell po tential clients how they operate, which is done by stabilizing themselves with a large number of clientele. As with most insurance companies, Bonacorso provides potential clients with rate quotes, that in some cases can be detrimental to the agency, as it demonstrates that, in particular cases, the people shop for insurance could save more elsewhere. But this is part of the process. No company can offer every client a lower rate than the individualist could find with other agencies unless that agency was well on its way to monopolizing the market.So for the most part, Bonacorso Insurance knows that most clients will feel that they could be saving with the agency, as in many cases, rates are lower for potential clients with Bonacorso than with other agencies. So Bonacorso has established enough stability to reveal their quotes, compared with their competitors quotes for particular people (which at quantify could be slightly lower) because for the most part, Bonacorso Insurance agen cy offers more to the clients. Another thing that the agency has going for it is its local status.The company fits into the community of the Burlington, Massachusetts area, and that makes people feel safe and satisfied as they are insured by people whom they know. This is really shown by the get-togethers and parties that the agency hosts, which it invites its clientele to attend. Trust is thus established by the agency and its clients, which encourages clients to remain with the agency, which, many of them feel, really is helping them. All in all, the company has been a smaller, cordial insurance agency that has a kind relationship with its clients.Benefits and cut rates help the agency to secure clientele, and decreasing rates and courteousness on the part of the agency help Bonacorso Insurance maintain its client base. Although it started as a very localized agency that did not offer coverage in all of the fields that it does today, Bonacorso Insurance has grown to some degree, and plans to open a second branch in Middleton, Massachusetts. But community involvement and its local, neighborly nature should continue to keep the company going at both locations for some time, because clients are satisfied by the way the agency operates.

The Lost Duke of Wyndham Chapter Three

Five miles a means(predicate), in a sm wholly posting inn, a valet de chambre sat in his room, alone, with a bottle of expensive French brandy, an empty glass, a actu eithery small case of clo involvement, and a womans palisade.His name was goose Audley at erstwhile Captain John Audley of His Majestys army formerly Jack Audley of savelersbridge, County Cavan, Ireland formerly Jack Cavendish-Audley of the same place and formerly as formerly as one could get, as it was at the time of his christening John Augustus Cavendish.The miniature had meant nonhing to him. He could b arly canvass it in the night, and hed yet to find a portraitist who could stick a mans essence on a miniature painting, anyway.But the ringWith an unsteady hand, he poured himself an otherwise drink.He hadnt lifeed closely at the ring when he took it from the over-the-hill ladys hands. But now, in the privacy of his rented room, hed looked. And what hed seen had shaken him to his bones.Hed seen that ri ng before. On his own finger.His was a masculine version, that the design was equal. A distorted flower, a tiny swirled D. Hed never hold divulgen what it meant, as hed been told that his fathers name was John Augustus Cavendish, no capital Ds to be found anywhere.He still didnt know what the D stood for, merely he knew that the old lady did. And no matter how many times he act to convince himself that this was alone a coincidence, he knew that this evening, on a deserted Lincolnshire road, hed met his grandmother. great Lord.He looked down at the ring again. Hed propped it up on the table, its face winking up at him in the candlelight. Abruptly, he twisted his own ring and yanked it off. He couldnt remember the die hard time his finger had been bare. His auntie had incessantly insisted that he keep it close it was the only keepsake they had of his father.His mother, they told him, had been clutching it in her shivering fingers when she was pulled from the frigid waters o f the Irish Sea.Slowly, Jack held the ring out, carefully setting it down next to its sister. His lips flattened slightly as he regarded the pair. What had he been thinking? That when he got the two side by side hed see that they were actually quite different?Hed known little of his father. His name, of course, and that he was the preteener boy of a well-to-do English family. His aunt had met him just twice her impression had been that he was somewhat estranged from his relations. He spoke of them only laughingly, in that vogue people used when they did non wish to say anything of substance.He hadnt a great deal money, or so his aunt assumed. His clothes were fine, alone well-worn, and as out-of-the-way(prenominal) as anyone could put forward, hed been wandering the Irish countryside for months. Hed verbalise he had come to witness the wedding of a school friend and deald it so practically that he preventiveed. His aunt saw no reason to doubt this.In the end, all Jack k new was this John Augustus Cavendish was a well-born English gentleman whod traveled to Ireland, fallen in bop with Louise Galbraith, married her, and indeed died when the ship carrying them to England had sunk off the coast of Ireland. Louise had washed ashore, her body bruised and shivering, but alive. It was over a month before anyone established she was pregnant.But she was weak, and she was devastated by grief, and her sister the woman who had raised Jack as her own give tongue to it was more than of a surprise that Louise survived the pregnancy than it was that she finally succumbed at his birth.And that moderately well summed up Jacks knowledge of his paternal heritage. He thought roughly his parents from time to time, wondering who theyd been and which had gifted him with his ready smile, but in truth, hed never yearned for anything more. At the age of two days hed been apt(p) to William and Mary Audley, and if they had ever loved their own children more, they neve r allowed him to know it.Jack had grown up the de facto son of a country squire, with two brothers, a sister, and twenty dollar bill acres of rolling pasture, perfect for riding, running, jumping anything a young boy could fancy.It had been a marvelous childhood. Damn high-priced perfect. If he was not leading the life hed anticipated, if he sometimes lay in bed and wondered what the hell he was doing robbing coaches in the dead of night at least he knew that the road to this point had been paved with his own choices, his own flaws.And close of the time, he was cheerful. He was reasonably cheerful by nature, and really, one could do worse than playing Robin Hood on rural British roads. At least he felt as if he had some straighten out of purpose. After he and the army had parted ways, hed not known what to do with himself. He was not willing to return to his life as a soldier, and yet, what else was he qualified to do? He had two skills in life, it seemed He could sit a horse as if hed been born in the position, and he could turn a conversation with enough wit and flair to charm even the crustiest of individuals. Put together, robbing coaches had seemed the around logical choice.Jack had made his world-class theft in Liverpool, when hed seen a young toff kick a one-handed former soldier whod had the temerity to beg for a penny. Somewhat buoyed by a quite a potent dry pint of ale, Jack had followed the fellow into a dark corner, pointed a accelerator a his heart, and walked off with his beleagueret.The contents of which he had then dispersed among the beggars on Queens Way, most of whom had fought for and then been forgotten by the good people of England.Well, ninety per cent of the contents had been dispersed. Jack had to eat, too.After that, it had been an easy step to move to highway robbery. It was so much more elegant than the life of footpad. And it could not be denied that it was much easier to get away on horseback.And so that was his life . It was what he did. If hed gone back to Ireland, he would plausibly be married by now, sleeping with one woman, in one bed, in one house. His life would be County Cavan, and his world a far, far smaller place than it was like a grab.His was a roaming individual. That was why he did not go back to Ireland.He splashed a cow chip more brandy into his glass. on that point were a hundred reasons why he did not go back to Ireland. Fifty, at least.He took a sip, then other, then drank deeply until he was too sotted to tolerate his dishonesty.There was one reason he did not go back to Ireland. wiz reason, and four people he did not think he could face. rising slope from his seat, he walked to the window and looked out. There wasnt much to see a small barn for horses, a thickly leaved tree across the road. The moonlight had glum the air translucent shimmery and thick, as if a man could step outside and lose himself.He smiled grimly. It was tempting. It was forever and a day te mpting.He knew where Belgrave Castle was. Hed been in the county for a week one could not remain in Lincolnshire that eagle-eyed without learning the locations of the grand houses, even if one wasnt a thief out to rob their inhabitants. He could take a look, he supposed. He probably should take a look. He owed it to someone. Hell, maybe he owed it to himself.He hadnt been interested in his father muchbut hed always been interested a little. And he was here.Who knew when hed be in Lincolnshire again? He was far too fond of his head to ever stay in one place for long.He didnt want to talk to the old lady. He didnt want to introduce himself and make explanations or pretend that he was anything other than what he was A veteran of the war.A highwayman.A rogue.An idiot.An occasionally sentimental fool who knew that the softhearted ladies whod tended the wounded had it all wrong sometimes you couldnt go firm again.But dear Lord, what he wouldnt give estimable to take a peek.He closed h is eyes. His family would welcome him back. That was the worst of it. His aunt would put her arms roughly him. She would tell him it wasnt his fault. She would be so understanding.But she would not understand. That was his final thought before he fell asleep.And dreamed of Ireland.The following day dawned b salutary and mockingly clear. Had it rained, Jack wouldnt take over bothered to go.He was on horseback, and hed spent enough of his life pretending he didnt mind that he was soaked to the skin. He did not ride in the rain if he did not brace to. Hed earned that much, at least.But he was not meant to meet up with his cohorts until nightfall, so he did not have an excuse for not going. Besides, he was just going to look. Maybe see if there was some way he could leave the ring for the old lady. He suspected it meant a great deal to her, and even though he could have probably got a hefty sum for it, he knew he would not be able to bring himself to sell it.And so he ate a upstand ing breakfast accompanied by a noxious beverage the innkeeper swore would clear his head, not that Jack had said anything other than, Eggs, before the fellow said, Ill get what you need. Amazingly, the concoction worked (hence the ability to digest the hearty breakfast), and Jack mounted his horse and took off toward Belgrave Castle at an unhurried pace.Hed ridden about the area frequently over the last few days, but this was the first time he found himself curious at his surroundings. The trees seemed more interesting to him for some reason the shape of the leaves, the way they showed their backs when the wind blew. The blossoms, too. Some were familiar to him, identical to the ones that bloomed in Ireland. But others were new, perhaps native to the dales and fens of the region.It was odd. He wasnt sure what he was meant to be thinking about. mayhap that this vista was what his father had seen every time hed ridden along the same road. Or maybe that, but for a freak storm in the Irish Sea, these powerfulness be the flowers and trees of his own childhood. Jack did not know whether his parents would have made their home in England or Ireland. They were apparently going over to introduce his mother to the Cavendish family when their ship had gone down. aunty Mary had said that they were planning to decide where to live after Louise had a chance to see a bit of England.Jack paused and plucked a peruse off a tree, for no reason other than whimsy. It wasnt as green as the ones at home, he decided. not that it mattered, of course, except that in a strange way, it did.He tossed the leaf to the ground and with a snort of impatience, took off at a greater speed. It was ludicrous that he felt even a niggle of guilt at going over to see the castle. cracking God, it wasnt as if he was going to introduce himself. He did not want to find a new family. He owed the Audleys far more than that.He just wanted to see it. From afar. To see what might have been, what he was glad hadnt been.But maybe should have been.Jack took off at a gallop, letting the wind blow the memories away. The speed was cleansing, almost forgiving, and before he knew it he was at the end of the drive. And all he could think was Good Lord. clemency was exhausted.Shed slept the night before, but not much, and not well. And even though the dowager had chosen to spend the morning in bed, dump had not been afforded that luxury.The dowager was powerfully demanding, whether vertical, horizontal, or, should she ever figure out how to hold the position, at a slant.And so even though she tossed and turned, and refused to go on her head from the pillow, she still managed to summon grace six times.The first hour.Finally, she had become engrossed in a batch of letters free grace had dug up for her at the bottom of her late husbands old desk, tucked in a box labeledJOHN, ETON.Saved by school papers. Who would have thought?Graces moment of rest was interrupted not twenty minutes later, however, by the arrival of the Ladies Elizabeth and Amelia Willoughby, the pretty, blond daughters of the Earl of Crowland, longtime neighbors and, Grace was always delighted to note, friends.Elizabeth especially. They were of an age, and before Graces position in the world had plummeted with the death of her parents, had been considered proper companions. Oh, everyone knew that Grace would not make a match like the Willoughby girls she would never have a London season, after all. But when they were all in Lincolnshire, they were, if not equals, then at least on something of the same level.People werent so fussy at the Dance and Assembly.And when the girls were alone, rank was never something they noticed.Amelia was Elizabeths younger sister. Just by a year, but when they were all younger, it had seemed a ample gulf, so Grace did not know her nearly so well. That would change soon, though, she supposed.Amelia was betrothed to doubting Thomas, and had been from the cradle. It would have been Elizabeth, except she was promised to another young lord (also in infancy Lord Crowland was not one to leave matters to chance). Elizabeths fellow, however, had died quite young. Lady Crowland (who was not one for tact) had declared it all very inconvenient, but the papers binding Amelia to Thomas had already been signed, and it was deemed best to leave matters as they were.Grace had never discussed the engagement with Thomas they were friends, but he would never talk about something so personal with her. Still, she had long suspected that he found the entire situation quite an convenient. A fiancee did keep marriage-minded misses (and their mamas) at bay. Somewhat. It was quite obvious that the ladies of England believed in hedging their bets, and poor Thomas could not go anywhere without the women attempting to put themselves in the best possible light, just in case Amelia should, oh, disappear.Die.Decide she didnt wish to be a duchess.Really, Grace thought wryly, as if Amelia had any choice in the matter.But even though a wife would be a far more effective deterrent than a fiancee, Thomas continued to drag his feet, which Grace thought dreadfully insensible of him. Amelia was one-and-twenty, for heavens sake. And according to Lady Crowland, at least four men would have offered for her in London if she had not been marked as the future Duchess of Wyndham.(Elizabeth, sister that she was, said it was closer to three, but still, the poor girl had been dangling like a string for years.)Books Elizabeth announced as they entered the hall. As promised.At her behest, Elizabeths mother had borrowed several books from the dowager. Not that Lady Crowland actually read the books. Lady Crowland read very little outside the gossip pages, but returning them was a fine pretext to fancy Belgrave, and she was always in favor of anything that placed Amelia in the vicinity of Thomas.No one had the heart to tell her that Amelia rarely even saw Thomas when she was at Belgrave. Most of the time, she was forced to endure the dowagers company company, however, being perhaps too generous a word to describe Augusta Cavendish whilst standing before the young lady who was meant to carry on the Wyndham line.The dowager was very good at finding fault. One might even call it her greatest talent.And Amelia was her favorite subject.But today she had been spared. The dowager was still upstairs, reading her dead sons Latin conjugations, and so Amelia had ended up sipping tea while Grace and Elizabeth chatted.Or rather, Elizabeth chatted. It was all Grace could do to gesture and murmur in the appropriate moments.One would think her tired mind would go utterly blank, but the opposite was true. She could not stop thinking about the highwayman. And his kiss. And his identity. And his kiss. And if she would meet him again. And that hed kissed her. And And she had to stop thinking about him. It was madness. She looked over at the tea tray, wondering if it wou ld be rude to eat the last biscuit. certain you are well, Grace? Elizabeth said, reaching forward to clasp her hand. You look very tired.Grace blinked, trying to focus on her dear friends face. Im sorry, she said reflexively. I am quite tired, although that is not an excuse for my inattention.Elizabeth grimaced. She knew the dowager. They all did. Did she keep you up late last night?Grace nodded. Yes, although, truthfully, it was not her fault.Elizabeth glanced to the doorway to make sure no one was auditory modality before she replied, It is always her fault.Grace smiled wryly. No, this time it really wasnt. We were Well, really, was there any reason not to tell Elizabeth? Thomas already knew, and sure enough it would be all over the district by nightfall. We were accosted by highwaymen, actually.Oh, my heavens Grace Elizabeth hastily set down her teacup. No wonder you appear so distractedHmmm? Amelia had been consummate(a) off into space, as she frequently did while Grace and Elizabeth were nattering on, but this had clearly got her attention.I am quite recovered, Grace assured her. Just a bit tired, Im afraid. I did not sleep well.What happened? Amelia asked.Elizabeth actually shoved her. Grace and the dowager were accosted by highwaymenReally?Grace nodded. Last night. On the way home from the assembly. And then she thought Good Lord, if the highwayman is really the dowagers grandson, and he is legitimate, what happens to Amelia?But he wasnt legitimate. He couldnt be. He might very well be a Cavendish by blood, but surely not by birth. Sons of dukes did not leave legitimate offspring littering the countryside. It simply did not happen.Did they take anything? Amelia asked.How can you be so dispassionate? Elizabeth demanded. They pointed a gun at her She turned to Grace. Did they?Grace saw it again in her mind the cold round end of the pistol, the slow, seductive gaze of the highwayman. He wouldnt have shot her. She knew that now. But still, she murmur ed, They did, actually.Were you terrified? Elizabeth asked breathlessly. I would have been. I would have swooned.I wouldnt have swooned, Amelia remarked.Well, of course you wouldnt, Elizabeth said irritably. You didnt even gasp when Grace told you about it.It sounds rather exciting, actually. Amelia looked at Grace with great interest. Was it?And Grace Good heavens, she felt herself blush.Amelia leaned forward, her eyes lighting up. Was he handsome, then?Elizabeth looked at her sister as if she were mad. Who?The highwayman, of course.Grace stammered something and mistaken to drink her tea.He was, Amelia said triumphantly.He was wearing a mask, Grace felt compelled to point out.But you could still tell that he was handsome.No past his accent was terribly romantic. French? Italian? Amelias eyes grew even wider. Spanish.Youve gone mad, Elizabeth said.He didnt have an accent, Grace retorted. Then she thought of that lilt, that devilish little lift in his voice that she couldnt quite p lace. Well, not much of one. Scottish, perhaps? Irish? I couldnt tell, precisely.Amelia sat back with a happy sigh. A highwayman. How romantic.Amelia Willoughby Elizabeth scolded. Grace was just attacked at gunpoint, and you are calling it romantic?Amelia opened her mouth to reply, but just then they perceive footsteps in the hall.The dowager? Elizabeth whispered to Grace, looking very much as if shed like to be wrong.I dont think so, Grace replied. She was still abed when I came down. She was ratherehrmdistraught.I should think so, Elizabeth remarked. Then she gasped. Did they make away with her emeralds?Grace shook her head. We hid them. Under the seat modifys.Oh, how clever Elizabeth said approvingly. Amelia, wouldnt you agree? Without waiting for an coiffe, she turned back to Grace. It was your idea, wasnt it?Grace opened her mouth to retort that she would have happily handed them over, but just then Thomas walked past the open doorway to the sitting room.Conversation stopped . Elizabeth looked at Grace, and Grace looked at Amelia, and Amelia just kept looking at the now empty doorway. After a moment of held breath, Elizabeth turned to Amelia and said,I think he does not realize we are here.I dont care, Amelia declared, and Grace believed her.I wonder where he went, Grace murmured, although she did not think anyone heard her. They were all still watching the doorway, waiting to see if hed return.There was a grunt, and then a crash. Grace stood, wondering if she ought to go investigate.Bloody hell, she heard Thomas snap.Grace winced, glancing over at the others. They had risen to their feet as well. prudent with that, she heard Thomas say.And then, as the three ladies watched in silence, the painting of John Cavendish moved past the open doorway, two footmen struggling to keep it upright and balanced.Who was that? Amelia asked once the portrait had gone by.The dowagers middle son, Grace murmured. He died twenty-nine years ago.Why are they moving the portr ait?The dowager wants it upstairs, Grace replied, thinking that ought to be answer enough. Who knew why the dowager did anything?Amelia was apparently satisfied with this explanation, because she did not question her further. Or it could have been that Thomas chose that moment to reappear in the doorway.Ladies, he said.They all three bobbed curtsies.He nodded in that way of his, when he was clearly being nothing but polite. Pardon. And then he left.Well, Elizabeth said, and Grace wasnt certain whether she was trying to express outrage at his rudeness or simply fill the silence. If it was the latter, it didnt work, because no one said anything more until Elizabeth finally added, Perhaps we should leave.No, you cant, Grace replied, feeling dreadful for having to be the common carrier of such bad news. Not yet.The dowager wants to see Amelia.Amelia groaned.Im sorry, Grace said. And meant it.Amelia sat down, looked at the tea tray and announced, Im eating the last biscuit.Grace nodded. Amelia would need sustenance for the ordeal ahead. Perhaps I should order more?But then Thomas returned again. We nearly lost it on the stairs, he said to Grace, shaking his head.The whole thing swung to the right and nearly impaled itself on the railing.Oh, my.It would have been a stake by the heart, he said with grim humor. It would have been worth it just to see her face.Grace alert to rise and make her way upstairs. If the dowager was awake, that meant her visit with the Willoughby sisters was over. Your grandmother rose from bed, then?Only to oversee the transfer. Youre safe for now. He shook his head, rolling his eyes as he did so. I cannot believe she had the temerity to demand that you fetch it for her last night. Or, he added quite pointedly, that you actually thought you could do it.Grace thought she ought to explain. The dowager bespeak that I bring her the painting last night, she told Elizabeth and Amelia.But it was huge Elizabeth exclaimed.My grandmother always fav ored her middle son, Thomas said, with a twist of his lips that Grace would not have called a smile. He glanced across the room, and then, as if suddenly realizing his future bride was present, said, Lady Amelia.Your grace, she responded.But he couldnt possibly have heard her. He was already back to Grace, saying, You will of course support me if I lock her up?Thom Grace began, cutting herself off at the last moment. She supposed that Elizabeth and Amelia knew that he had given her leave to use his given name while at Belgrave, but still, it seemed disrespectful to do so when others were present.Your grace, she said, enunciating each word with careful resolve. You moldiness permit her extra patience this day. She is distraught.Grace sent up a prayer for forgiveness as she let everyone think the dowager had been upset by nothing more than an ordinary robbery. She wasnt precisely lying to Thomas, but she suspected that in this case the sin of omission could prove equally dangerous. She made herself smile. It felt forced.Amelia? Are you under the weather?Grace turned. Elizabeth was watching her sister with concern.Im perfectly fine, Amelia snapped, which was enough, of course, to show that she was not.The pair bickered for a moment, their voices low enough so Grace could not make out their comminuted words, and then Amelia rose, saying something about needing some air.Thomas stood, of course, and Grace rose to her feet as well. Amelia passed by and even reached the doorway before Grace realized that Thomas did not intend to follow.Good heavens, for a duke, his manners were abominable. Grace elbowed him in the ribs. Someone had to, she told herself. No one ever stood up to the man.Thomas shot her a dirty look, but he obviously realized that she was in the right, because he turned to Amelia, nodded his head the barest of inches, and said, Allow me to escort you.They departed, and Grace and Elizabeth sat silently for at least a minute before Elizabeth said resig nedly,They are not a good match, are they?Grace glanced at the door, even though they had long since departed. She shook her head.It was huge. It was a castle, of course, and meant to be imposing, but really.Jack stood, open-mouthed.This was huge.Funny how no one had mentioned that his father was from a ducal family. Had anyone even known? He had always assumed his father had been the son of some jolly old country squire, maybe a baronet or possibly a baron. He had always been told that he was sired by John Cavendish, not Lord John Cavendish, as he must have been styled.And as for the old ladyJack had realized that morning that she had never given her name, but surely she was the duchess. She was far too imperious to be a maiden aunt or widowed relation.Good Lord. He was the grandson of a duke. How was that possible?Jack stared at the structure before him. He was not a complete provincial. Hed traveled widely whilst in the army and had gone to school with the sons of Irelands most n otable families. The aristocracy was not unknown to him. He did not consider himself uncomfortable in their midst.But thisThis was huge.How many inhabit in the place? There had to be over a hundred. And what was the provenance? It didnt look quite medieval, despite the crenellations at the top, but it was certainly pre-Tudor. Something important must have happened there. Houses did not get this big without stumbling into the occasional historic event. A treaty, maybe? Perhaps a royal visit? It sounded like the sort of thing that would have been mentioned in school, which was probably why he didnt know it.A scholar he was not.The view of the castle as hed approached had been deceptive. The area was heavy with trees, and the turrets and towers seemed to scintillate in and out of sight as he moved through the foliage. It was only when he reached the end of the drive that it had come completely into view massive and amazing. The stone was gray in color, with a hint of a yellow undert one, and although its angles were mostly squared off, there was nothing boring about the facade. It dipped and rose, jutted out and swept back in. No long Georgian wall of windows was this.Jack couldnt even cipher how long it would take a newcomer to find his way around inside. Or how long it would take to find the poor fellow once he got himself lost.And so he stood and stared, trying to take it in. What would it have been like to grow up there? His father had done so, and by all accounts hed been a nice enough fellow. Well, by one account, he supposed his Aunt Mary was the only person he knew whod known his father well enough to pass along a story or two.Still, it was difficult to imagine a family living there. His own home in Ireland had not been small by any standards, but still, with four children it often felt as if they were eternally crashing into one another.You couldnt go ten minutes or even ten steps without being swept into a conversation with a cousin or a brother or an aunt or even a dog. (Hed been a good dog, God rest his furry little soul. Better than most people.)They had known each other, the Audleys. It was, Jack had long since decided, a very good and very uncommon thing.After a few minutes there was a small flurry of movement at the front door, then three women emerged.Two were blond. It was too far away to see their faces, but he could tell by the way they moved that they were young, and probably quite pretty.Pretty girls, hed long since learned, moved differently than the plain ones. It did not matter if they were aware of their beauty or not. What they werent was aware of their plainness. Which the plain ones always were.Jack quirked a half smile. He supposed he was a bit of a scholar of women. Which, hed often tried to convince himself, was as noble a subject as any.But it was the third girl the last to emerge from the castle who captured his breath and held him motionless, unable to look away.It was the girl from the carriage t he night before. He was sure of it. The hair was the right color shiny and dark, but it wasnt such a unique shade that it couldnt be found elsewhere. He knew it was her becausebecauseBecause he did.He remembered her. He remembered the way she moved, the way she felt pressed up against him. He remembered the soft breath of the air mingled with their bodies when shed moved away.Hed liked her. He didnt often get the chance to like or dislike the people he waylaid, but hed been thinking to himself that there was something rather appealing about the flash of intelligence in her eyes when the old lady had shoved her at him, giving him permission to hold a gun to her head.Hed not approved of that. But hed appreciated it all the same, because touching her, holding her it had been an unexpected pleasure. And when the old lady returned with the miniature, his only thought had been that it was a pity he didnt have time to kiss her properly.Jack held himself quietly as he watched her move in the drive, glancing over her shoulder, then leaning forward to say something to the other girls. One of the blondes linked arms with her and led her off to the side. They were friends, he realized with surprise, and he wondered if the girl his girl, as he was now thinking of her was something more than a companion. A poor relation, maybe? She was certainly not a daughter of the house, but it seemed she was not quite a servant.She adjusted the straps of her bonnet, and then she (What was her name? He wanted to know her name) pointed to something in the distance. Jack found himself glancing the same way, but there were too many trees framing the drive for him to see whatever had captured her interest.And then she turned. face up him.Saw him.She did not cry out, nor did she flinch, but he knew that she saw him in the way sheIn the way she simply was, he supposed, because he could not see her face from such a distance. But he knew.His skin began to prickle with awareness, and it occu rred to him that shed recognized him, too. It was preposterous, because he was all the way down the drive, and not wearing his highwaymans garb, but he knew that she knew she was staring at the man who had kissed her.The moment it could only have lasted seconds stretched into eternity. And then somewhere behind him a bird cawed, snapping him from his trance, and one thought pounded through his head.Time to go.He never stayed in one spot for long, but here this place it was surely the most dangerous of all.He gave it one last look. Not of longing he did not long for this. And as for the girl from the carriage he fought down something strange and acrid, burning in his throat he would not long for her, either.Some things were simply untenable.Who was that man?Grace heard Elizabeth speak, but she pretended not to. They were sitting in the Willoughbyscomfortable carriage, but their happy threesome now numbered four.The dowager had, upon rising from her bed, taken one look at Amelia s sun-kissed cheeks (Grace did think that she and Thomas had taken quite a long walk together, all things considered), and gone into a barely intelligible tirade about the proper decorum of a future duchess. It was not every day one heard a speech containing dynasty, procreation, and sunspots all in one sentence.But the dowager had managed it, and now they were all miserable, Amelia most of all. The dowager had got it into her head that she needed to speak with Lady Crowland most probably about the supposed blemishes on Amelias skin and so she invited herself along for the ride, giving instructions to the Wyndham stables to ready a carriage and send it after them for the return journey.Grace had come along, too. Because, quite frankly, she didnt have any choice.Grace? It was Elizabeth again.Grace sucked in her lips and positively glued her eyes to a spot on the seat cushion just to the left of the dowagers head.Who was it? Elizabeth persisted.No one, Grace said quickly. Are we re ady to depart? She looked out the window, pretending to wonder why they were delayed on the drive. whatsoever moment now they would leave for Burges Park, where the Willoughbys lived. She had been dreading the journey, short though it was.And then shed seen him.The highwayman. Whose name wasnt Cavendish.But once was.He had left before the dowager emerged from the castle, turning his mount in a display of horsemanship so expert that even she, who was no equestrienne, recognized his skill.But he had seen her. And he had recognized her. She was certain of it.Shed felt it.Grace tapped her fingers impatiently against the side of her thigh. She thought of Thomas, and of the enormous portrait that had passed by the doorway of the sitting room. She thought of Amelia, who had been raised since birth to be the bride of a duke. And she thought of herself. Her world might not be quite what she wanted, but it was hers, and it was safe.One man had the power to send it all crashing down.Which was why, even though she would have traded a corner of her soul for just one more kiss from a man whose name she did not know, when Elizabeth remarked that it looked as if she knew him, she said, sharply, I do not.The dowager looked up, her face pinched with irritation. What are you talk about?There was a man at the end of the drive, Elizabeth said, before Grace could deny anything.The dowagers head snapped back in Graces direction. Who was it? she demanded.I dont know. I could not see his face. Which wasnt a lie. Not the second part, at least.Who was it? the dowager thundered, her voice rising over the sound of the wheels beginning their rumble down the drive.I dont know, Grace repeated, but even she could hear the cracks in her voice.Did you see him? the dowager asked Amelia.Graces eyes caught Amelias. Something passed between them.I saw no one, maam, said Amelia.The dowager dismissed her with a snort, turning the full incubus of her fury on Grace. Was it he?Grace shook her head. I dont know, she stammered. I couldnt say.Stop the carriage, the dowager yelled, lurching forward and shoving Grace aside so she could bang on the wall separating the cabin and the driver. Stop, I tell youThe carriage came to a sudden stop, and Amelia, who had been sitting face front beside the dowager, tumbled forward, landing at Graces feet. She tried to get up but was blocked by the dowager, who had reached across the carriage to grab Graces chin, her long, ancient fingers digging cruelly into her skin.I will give you one more chance, Miss Eversleigh, she hissed. Was it he?Forgive me, Grace thought.She nodded.

Consider the Importance of Forecasting for the Global Supply Chain of a Retail Food Company

Forecasting is a heed planning tool which is aimed at coping with coming(prenominal) uncertainties, depending mostly on data of past and present as well as trend epitome (Chopra & Meindl 2010). The core characteristics of todays forward looking supply chains is flexibility and agility which utilises prospect, as one of the most raise planning musical arrangements of supply chain strategies to provide the needed capability to cursorily respond to changes in situations which positions the agile supply chain profitably (Acar & Gardner, 2012).Forecasting is a sarcastic element in any organisations decision making cropes since its accuracy helps organisations to opt for the appropriate actions pertinent to demand planning, promotion planning, smart product launch and inventory management in order for the business to become efficient and range. and so organisations are now paying particular attention to how the quality of forecasting can be enhanced in order to increase the accu racy of its output (Acar & Gardner, 2012).In so doing organisations must consider collaboration build with the inbuilt supply chain in order to generate a much accurate forecast which will maximise the performance of the supply chain (Shu et al. , 2011). In a sell food company, it is of the essence(p) to apply the appropriate storage procedures and inventory technique to able to serve customers better, because of this, forecasting plays a critical role in the efficiency of the company.Hence, forecasting in the retail food industry has become more challenging as result of price wars among competitors, uncertainty occurring from natural disasters, climate changes and epidemics (Hayya et al. , 2006). As a retail food company based in UK, Tesco considers availability of product as naturally the main war-ridden drive to success in the retail food industry and with products of over 50, 000 on its shelves, 6 classifiable store formats and operating in 14 countries, establishing prope r inventory could be very difficult.A sales swelling based on past patterns, which is classified as base-level forecast, is very complex. Tesco distribution network centres and advanced technology have been developed to uphold the modern and cost effective supply chain. The efficiency of the distribution system understands the product needs of every store. This is achieved in two methods, forecasting the preferences of the customers by employing refined, detailed models which considers variables for instance, seasonality, weather forecasts as well as responding to promotions.The second deals with the automated system ordering, which helps in updating in real condemnation on what customers really want to buy, in order to quickly and accurately provide stores with the right products at the right time. An improvement in the accuracy of sales forecasting by Tesco has enhance the availability of products for customers and accrue the supply chain cost. Tesco forecast accuracy is achie ved by sharing valuable data beneficial to its entire supply chain via its web-based system known as TescoConnect to achieve an effective inventory system and lean supply chain.By utilising the capabilities of IT in the forecasting and integration of its partners, it enables them to make each part of the supply chain process productive. However, one of the challenges associated to supply chain is poor forecasting resulting in supply chain inefficiencies and lack of reactivity which can create stock-outs in the shelves of Tesco. References Acar, Y. & Gardner, E. S. (2012) Forecasting Method Selection in a Global supplying Chain, internationalist Journal of Forecasting, 28(4), pp. 842-848, Online. DOI 10. 1016/j. ijforecast. 2011. 11. 003 (Accessed 9 March 2013) Chopra, S. amp Meindl, P. (2010) Supply chain management strategy, planning, and operation. 4th Ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall. Hayya et al. (2006) Estimation in Supply Chain In Inventory Management, International J ournal of Production Research, 44(7), pp. 1313-1330, Online. DOI 10. 1080/00207540500338039 (Accessed 9 March 2013) Shu et al. (2011) Supply Chain Collaborative Forecasting Methods found on Factors, International Journal of Innovation & Technology Management, 8(1), pp. 135-157, Online. DOI 10. 1142/S0219877011002180 (Accessed 9 March 2013)

Organisational Behaviour

gist entree1 Trends hiting the study 2 The ever-ever-ever-ever- ever-changing crapforce 2 employment re pass judgment and morality .. 4 Interview out dismiss . 5 Research out bugger off.. 6 Conclusion.. 8 Reference list.. 9 Appendix A 10 Appendix B 11 admittance Organizational demeanour knowledge is rattling definitive for e very(prenominal)one. It non only bene tantrums a person as an various(prenominal), but overly molds physical com rank events.There be five giving medicational doings trends in the body of change by reversal globalization, the changing men, evolving employment relationships, virtual give-up the ghost, and body of report set and moral philosophy. In this essay, we will talk about 2 of them which ar the changing custody and study value and ethics. For the changing manpower, as Mcshane and Travaglione (2007) said on that point are primary and secondary dimensions of creamforce innovation. And those diversities plunder stat e both opportunities and challenges in boldness. employment determine and ethics is a signifi skunkt vox of brass instrumental demeanour trends. It fecal matter dictate large numbers priorities, preferences and desires (Mcshane & Travaglione 2007, p 13). In order to understand these deuce trends erupt, I hearinged a manager who has six years cut back experience in Seven-Eleven store. During this face-to face question, some germane(predicate) questions were asked. And the research result is quite benefactorful. Trends imprinting the body of work 1. The changing workforce With the crackment of globalisation, workforce diversity has be be one of the most principal(prenominal) trends that push the workforce. People who work in the same piece of work may fuck off diametrical religion, education and work experience.And those diversities bear bring opportunities and challenges to an brass instrument. Racial diversity friendly and racial diversity in the oeuvre is a core value in placement. For grammatical case, Canada is a several(a) country with a number of ethnic groups. panoptical minorities account for 10 per cent of the Canadian existence in 1995 and this figure is expected to double by 2015 (Demers, cite in Seymen 2006). Further much, Atiyyah (cited in Seymen 2006)in his work, concentrates on workforce diversity which is composed of Ameri tooshies, Europeans, mainly Asian countries much(prenominal)(prenominal) as India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Iran and Persian Gulf countries.Today,with globalisation change magnitudely happening , major(ip)ity of nerve drive home seen multi heathenish scene employees as a of the essence(p) part of success in this highly alter society. The improvement of having a multi heathenish group of employees in an organization is it broadens an organizations view as they interchange ideas and opinions, workss towards making a relegate and much effective melodic phrase finale. and a diversify organization withal has its dis value. ace of the problems to overcome is cross-ethnical communication.For members of incompatible culture, they interpret certain words, actions or signals differently. As Karoc-kakabadse and kouzmin (2001) highlights that different cultures rescue different understanding regarding the interaction process and the different style of dialogues. Some misapprehend could occur due(p)(p) to different interpretation and practise body of work disagreements Therefore in a modify surround, it is important to exert heathen awareness as to avoid misinterpretation which could acquit to unproductive working attitudes within an organization.Women in workforce Compare to the to a great extent years ago, woman in the workforce crap join ond intensively. Women start proven to be demote at managing staff in an organization as they are more great deal- orientated. As Mcshane and Travaglione (2007) suggest that compared to potent manage rs, woman managers are more relationship orientated and adopt a stronger emphasis on teams and employee involvement. However in many occasion, woman see stronger family committedness compared to men. Therefore higher percentages of main position in organization are mostly men.On the saucily(prenominal) hand, woman get to been more and more joining the workforce as many organization strike better working conditions offered to woman such as protracted maternity leave and in some organizations, child care services are introduced to support woman die to the workforce later on childbirth. generational diversity generational diversity could present opportunities as well as challenges in an organization(Mcshane & Travaglione 2007). Basically, generation X and generation Y has different work set as generation X go for job security bit generation Y goes more for job satisfaction, status and well-disposed involvement(Cinnamo & Gardner 2008).By understanding generational diversi ty, it could help to identify employees needs, in turn managers or employers could come up with organization policies that matches those needs which could result in better job satisfaction and excessively crushed employee turnover. Employee turnover disadvantages an constitution as recruitment live time, effort and money. And retaining employees with experiences, and training employees giving them more skills could in turn help the organization reach greater heights.Advantages of generational diversity could be im turn up finis making and team performance on hard tasks. In a diverse society, a diverse workforce would provide a better node service too. This is one of the reasons why some organizations take aim employees of change backgrounds and generations. 2Workplace value and ethics Importance of determine in body of work McDonald and Zepp (2007) define determine as the embodiment of what an organization stands for, and should be the basis for the doings of its member s. appraise and ethics guide employees actions, deportments and making lasts.The influence of family, religion , community will determine man-to-man set, Within an organization, when employees construct clash of values , It becomes very difficult for them to work to removeher , in that respectfore having a set of organization work policy is very important , it defines the appropriate ethics and values that employees should have. With increase heathen diversity these days, it is very important to befall shared values that majority in an organization believe in, to promote harmony and overly increase efficiency as they work to conveyher.However due to society diversity, respectable betrothal could occur. As Wartick and woodwind (1998) defines acceptable infringes as dissonances among principles of right among principles of wrong. At a workplace, it is common to come across honourable conflict whereby both parties reckon they are right in their own way, making decisio n to the bene give out of the organisation. In this situation, conflict resolution comes in, where they should together and put their differences aside, and come up with an ideal solution. Corporate social businessCorporate social prudent is the organizations moral obligation towards all of its stakeholders. Otherwise as Kotler and Lee (2005) define corporate responsible is a dedication to improve community well-being done discretionary business practices and contributions of corporate resources. This refers to a automatic commitment a business is making in choosing an implementing these practices rather than mandated by law or by other(a) ethical issues. Big organizations like Westpac and McDonalds practice corporate social responsible.First and foremost, due to their finance readiness, and as well as to its massive marketing campaigns which due to influences the public. concord to Macdonald CSR report 2007, over the years, they have been involved in caring for the enviro nment, contribution to the Australian economy, practicing food sentry go and responsible marketing, and likewise giving scholarship and grants to children. In recent years, organizations are no longer after just profit-making, corporate social responsible is get more and more businesses attention. Interview outcomeIn order to under to understand these two trends better, a manager of Severn-Eleven who has six year experience has been hearinged. During the face-to-face wonder, ten relevant questions were asked. Here is the interview outcome. The changing workforce a) What do you look at is changing workforce? I stand for changing workforce is the permutation of skilled labour, and training employees when the situation is required. b) Do you calculate the changing workforce is important in the workplace? Yes. I conceptualise it is important in a workplace. c) Why do you cerebrate it is/or is non?With demands around us constantly changing, it is important for us to prepare o urselves with skills, knowledge that is needed to cope with these changes. If non it will be difficult for our business to cope in this harsh and competitive environment. d) What factors do you retrieve can expunge the changing workforce? engineering science heighten could rival the changing workforce. e) Is thither heathen diversity within your employees? Why yes/no? Yes, I employ a mixture of races of employees within my organsation, and they get along pretty well.I chose employees from different background mainly because of the multi-cultural environment we have in Victoria, and also the ideas they be able to stand in as they work together. Workplace values and ethics a) What do you rally are ethical values? Ethical values are what one think is right or wrong and it guides ones actions. For example, here in 7-Eleven ethical principles are those tell the truth, take complaints seriously, report guests and employees fairly and so on. b) Do you think ethical values are i mportant in the workplace? Yes, it is important. ) Why do you think they are/or are non? They provide behaviour rules that can control ones thoughts and actions. They can affect ones decision making and organizations operation. d) What factors do you think have moved(p) the way we think about ethical behaviour at work? It may be old work experience, cultural practices and family influences. e) Do you think peoples ethical behaviour at work is affected by what their colleagues or superiors are doing? Yes, as the working environment of a person could today affect a persons decision and actions. Research outcomeAccording to this interview, it is evident that employers ferret out the need for employees continue acquiring skills to sustainment up with the changing workforce. As technology advances, it increases challenges in the workplace. For example machines and computers replacing gentleman being labour. Uren (2009) stated during recession, women, by contrast, have done better in the services field of the economy, which is not as severely affected by recessions as manufacturing. As intangible service can only be provide by human labour. When equipped with skills, it is not difficult to cope with the changing workforce.Generally on that point is agreement about the trends compared to the interview results as the employer interviewed emphasized about inquiring new skills, and also supports cultural diversity within her elect employees. Upon entering an organisation, ethics and value do affect an employees attitude and judgment, however his or her values could be shaped by religion, family up bringing, previous(prenominal)(a) experiences, consequently it is something hard to change. Corporate social responsibility educates and affects not only the organisations external environment it affects the internal environment as well.Employees could learn fitting way ethics on the way, as the organisation carry out campaigns, and it could guide the employees, giving them the business leader and knowledge to help the public and needy and sculpture down on environmental harm. Upon reflecting, the results we have got from the interview were useful and also highlight the importance of the changing workforce and ethics and values in organsations. We would have a better idea of what to expect when u enter the workforce. My new knowledge would influence me to fracture cultural awareness in this multi-cultural environment, and also to keep up with changes, by learning new skills on the way.Conclusion From the above literature recapitulation, we could conclude that generational and cultural diversity may not be a bad thing, it broadens employees views and prospects, allows them to exchange ideas and interact , bringing out better opportunities in the global market. However, there are its short-comings, like ethics and value conflict and also cross-cultural communication problems. These could lead to major issue like misinterpretation of infor mation and employee conflicts, which could affect employees performance and productivity.In recent years, there are increasing women joining the workforce, furthermore, occupying main position in organisation. In some situations, women have turn up to be better managers than men, as they use a more interactive style of management, and more afflictive to employees needs. When employees needs are fulfill, they are more likely to feel job satisfaction. Corporation social responsible are get more organization attention and participation as it provides marketing purpose, and also educating the public with minimizing environmental harm and helping the needy.Compared to the past, organisations are not just for making profit, but also responsible to the public. Reference list Cennamo, L and Gardner, D 2008, Generational differences in work values, outcomes and person-organization values fit, Journal of Managerial Psychology, vol 23, no. 8, pp 891-906. Karoc-Kakabadse, N. and Kouzmin, A. (2001), Low- and high-context communication patterns towards procedure cross-cultural encounters, Cross Cultural circumspection, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 3-24. Kotler, P and Lee, N, 2005, Corporate social responsibility doing the most good for your company and your cause, John Wiley and Sons, AUSMcdonalds, G and Zepp, R 1989, barter ethics practical proposal, Journal of Management Development, vol 8, no 1, pp 55-66. McDonalds 2007, McDonalds Australia Corporate societal Responsibility Report, McDonalds, Australia, viewed on 31 Mar 2009. Mcshane, S and Travaglione T, 2007, Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim, 2ed, McGraw-Hill, AUS Seymen, O 2006, The cultural diversity phenomenon in organisations and different approaches for effective cultural diversity management a literary canvass, Cross Culture Management, vol 13, no 4, pp 296-315.Uren, D 2009, One in four workers to go on upbeat, The Australia, 31 Mar, pp, 6. Wartick, S and Wood D, 1998, International business and societ y, Wiley-Blackwell, US Appendix A Interview Questions The changing workforce a) What do you think is changing workforce? b) Do you think the changing workforce is important in the workplace? c) Why do you think it is/or is not? d) What factors do you think can affect the changing workforce? e) Is there cultural diversity within your employees? Why yes/no? Workplace values and ethics a) What do you think are ethical values? b) Do you think ethical values are important in the workplace? ) Why do you think they are/or are not? d) What factors do you think have affected the way we think about ethical behaviour at work? e) Do you think peoples ethical behaviour at work is affected by what their colleagues or superiors are doing? Appendix B Summary Globalisation has brought challenges and opportunities to the workplace. In the multi-cultural working environment, there are opportunities to learn more from people from diversified backgrounds, which encourages creativity and exchange of idea s. Challenges could be conflicts due to misinterpretation of message, and also cultural differences.An offending action or word may not mean to be offensive to another person. misapprehension could lead to conflict within the organisation, and unrest in a workplace. Therefore active discovering and cultural awareness should be practice in a workplace. Misinterpretation could also lead to inefficiency at work. ever-changing workforce could be due to technology advance whereby employees should continuously learning skills to cope with the changes. With inappropriate skills, it could lead to inefficient completion of task, and also affects organisations productivity.Workplace value and ethics could be a challenge as well, as everyone is different. Different individuals have different values and ethic affecting their decisions and action. Value and ethics of an individual are shaped from past experiences, family upbringing, schooling and religion. Therefore it is something very hard to change. still in a workplace, it is inevitable to work with individuals of different ethics and values. And in serious cases, there could be ethic and value conflicts which could slow down teamworks progress. Therefore it is important to always communication and listen to sort the best way out when a problem occur.Corporate social responsibility is getting the attention of many organsations now. Compared to many years ago, organisation now is not just about making profit. They are more concern about environmental harms, people who need help and also responsible marketing and advertising. For example McDonalds which does community work, do refined ups for the environment, discourage wastage, and helping the needy. Most importantly, they engaged in responsible marketing, where they care the food they produce to sell, the wellness issues and also obesity issues linked to their products.Organisational Behaviour sate Introduction1 Trends affecting the workplace 2 The changing workfo rce 2 Workplace value and ethics .. 4 Interview outcome . 5 Research outcome.. 6 Conclusion.. 8 Reference list.. 9 Appendix A 10 Appendix B 11 Introduction Organizational behaviour knowledge is very important for everyone. It not only benefits a person as an individual, but also influences organization events.There are five organizational behaviour trends in the workplace globalization, the changing workforce, evolving employment relationships, virtual work, and workplace values and ethics. In this essay, we will talk about two of them which are the changing workforce and workplace values and ethics. For the changing workforce, as Mcshane and Travaglione (2007) said there are primary and secondary dimensions of workforce diversity. And those diversities can present both opportunities and challenges in organization. Workplace values and ethics is a significant part of organizational behaviour trends. It can dictate peoples priorities, preferences and desires (Mcshane & Travaglione 20 07, p 13). In order to understand these two trends better, I interviewed a manager who has six years work experience in Seven-Eleven store. During this face-to face interview, some relevant questions were asked. And the research result is quite helpful. Trends affecting the workplace 1. The changing workforce With the development of globalisation, workforce diversity has become one of the most important trends that affect the workforce. People who work in the same workplace may have different religion, education and work experience.And those diversities can bring opportunities and challenges to an organization. Racial diversity Ethnic and racial diversity in the workplace is a core value in organization. For example, Canada is a diverse country with a number of ethnic groups. transparent minorities account for 10 per cent of the Canadian population in 1995 and this figure is expected to double by 2015 (Demers, cite in Seymen 2006). Furthermore, Atiyyah (cited in Seymen 2006)in his work, concentrates on workforce diversity which is composed of Americans, Europeans, mainly Asian countries such as India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Iran and Persian Gulf countries.Today,with globalisation increasingly happening , majority of organisation have seen multicultural background employees as a important part of success in this highly diversified society. The advantage of having a multi cultural group of employees in an organization is it broadens an organizations view as they exchange ideas and opinions, working towards making a better and more effective business decision. However a diversified organization also has its disadvantage. One of the problems to overcome is cross-cultural communication.For members of different culture, they interpret certain words, actions or signals differently. As Karoc-kakabadse and kouzmin (2001) highlights that different cultures have different understanding regarding the interaction process and the different style of dialogues. Som e see could occur due to different interpretation and cause workplace disagreements Therefore in a diversified environment, it is important to practice cultural awareness as to avoid misinterpretation which could lead to unproductive working attitudes within an organization.Women in workforce Compare to the many years ago, woman in the workforce have increased intensively. Women have proven to be better at managing staff in an organization as they are more people-orientated. As Mcshane and Travaglione (2007) suggest that compared to male managers, woman managers are more relationship orientated and adopt a stronger emphasis on teams and employee involvement. However in many occasion, woman have stronger family commitment compared to men. Therefore higher percentages of main position in organization are mostly men.On the other hand, woman have been increasingly joining the workforce as many organization have better working conditions offered to woman such as longer maternity leave a nd in some organizations, childcare services are introduced to help woman return to the workforce after childbirth. Generational diversity Generational diversity could present opportunities as well as challenges in an organization(Mcshane & Travaglione 2007). Basically, generation X and generation Y has different work values as generation X go for job security piece of music generation Y goes more for job satisfaction, status and social involvement(Cinnamo & Gardner 2008).By understanding generational diversity, it could help to identify employees needs, in turn managers or employers could come up with organization policies that matches those needs which could result in better job satisfaction and also low employee turnover. Employee turnover disadvantages an organisation as recruitment follow time, effort and money. And retaining employees with experiences, and training employees giving them more skills could in turn help the organization reach greater heights.Advantages of gene rational diversity could be improved decision making and team performance on mixed tasks. In a diverse society, a diverse workforce would provide a better customer service too. This is one of the reasons why some organizations choose employees of diversified backgrounds and generations. 2Workplace value and ethics Importance of values in workplace McDonald and Zepp (2007) define values as the embodiment of what an organization stands for, and should be the basis for the behaviour of its members. Value and ethics guide employees actions, behaviours and making decisions.The influence of family, religion , community will determine individual values, Within an organization, when employees have clash of values , It becomes very difficult for them to work together , therefore having a set of organization work policy is very important , it defines the appropriate ethics and values that employees should have. With increasing cultural diversity these days, it is very important to find share d values that majority in an organization believe in, to promote harmony and also increase efficiency as they work together.However due to society diversity, ethical conflict could occur. As Wartick and Wood (1998) defines ethical conflicts as dissonances among principles of right among principles of wrong. At a workplace, it is common to come across ethical conflict whereby both parties reckon they are right in their own way, making decision to the benefit of the organisation. In this situation, conflict resolution comes in, where they should together and put their differences aside, and come up with an ideal solution. Corporate social responsibilityCorporate social responsible is the organizations moral obligation towards all of its stakeholders. Otherwise as Kotler and Lee (2005) define corporate responsible is a commitment to improve community well-being through discretionary business practices and contributions of corporate resources. This refers to a freewill commitment a bus iness is making in choosing an implementing these practices rather than mandated by law or by other ethical issues. Big organizations like Westpac and McDonalds practice corporate social responsible.First and foremost, due to their finance ability, and also to its massive marketing campaigns which due to influences the public. According to Macdonald CSR report 2007, over the years, they have been involved in caring for the environment, contribution to the Australian economy, practicing food safety and responsible marketing, and also giving scholarship and grants to children. In recent years, organizations are no longer after just profit-making, corporate social responsible is getting more and more businesses attention. Interview outcomeIn order to under to understand these two trends better, a manager of Severn-Eleven who has six year experience has been interviewed. During the face-to-face interview, ten relevant questions were asked. Here is the interview outcome. The changing wor kforce a) What do you think is changing workforce? I think changing workforce is the heir of skilled labour, and training employees when the situation is required. b) Do you think the changing workforce is important in the workplace? Yes. I think it is important in a workplace. c) Why do you think it is/or is not?With demands around us constantly changing, it is important for us to prepare ourselves with skills, knowledge that is needed to cope with these changes. If not it will be difficult for our business to compete in this harsh and competitive environment. d) What factors do you think can affect the changing workforce? Technology advance could affect the changing workforce. e) Is there cultural diversity within your employees? Why yes/no? Yes, I employ a mixture of races of employees within my organsation, and they get along pretty well.I chose employees from different background mainly because of the multi-cultural environment we have in Victoria, and also the ideas they be a ble to exchange as they work together. Workplace values and ethics a) What do you think are ethical values? Ethical values are what one think is right or wrong and it guides ones actions. For example, here in 7-Eleven ethical principles are those tell the truth, take complaints seriously, dispense customers and employees fairly and so on. b) Do you think ethical values are important in the workplace? Yes, it is important. ) Why do you think they are/or are not? They provide behaviour rules that can control ones thoughts and actions. They can affect ones decision making and organizations operation. d) What factors do you think have affected the way we think about ethical behaviour at work? It may be past work experience, cultural practices and family influences. e) Do you think peoples ethical behaviour at work is affected by what their colleagues or superiors are doing? Yes, as the working environment of a person could directly affect a persons decision and actions. Research outcom eAccording to this interview, it is evident that employers find the need for employees continue acquiring skills to keep up with the changing workforce. As technology advances, it increases challenges in the workplace. For example machines and computers replacing human labour. Uren (2009) stated during recession, women, by contrast, have done better in the services sector of the economy, which is not as severely affected by recessions as manufacturing. As intangible service can only be provide by human labour. When equipped with skills, it is not difficult to cope with the changing workforce.Generally there is agreement about the trends compared to the interview results as the employer interviewed emphasized about inquiring new skills, and also supports cultural diversity within her elect employees. Upon entering an organisation, ethics and value do affect an employees attitude and judgment, however his or her values could be shaped by religion, family upbringing, past experiences, therefore it is something hard to change. Corporate social responsibility educates and affects not only the organisations external environment it affects the internal environment as well.Employees could learn decent way ethics on the way, as the organisation carry out campaigns, and it could guide the employees, giving them the ability and knowledge to help the public and needy and cutting down on environmental harm. Upon reflecting, the results we have got from the interview were useful and also highlight the importance of the changing workforce and ethics and values in organsations. We would have a better idea of what to expect when u enter the workforce. My new knowledge would influence me to develop cultural awareness in this multi-cultural environment, and also to keep up with changes, by learning new skills on the way.Conclusion From the above literature review, we could conclude that generational and cultural diversity may not be a bad thing, it broadens employees views and prospects, allows them to exchange ideas and interact , bringing out better opportunities in the global market. However, there are its short-comings, like ethics and value conflict and also cross-cultural communication problems. These could lead to major issue like misinterpretation of information and employee conflicts, which could affect employees performance and productivity.In recent years, there are increasing women joining the workforce, furthermore, occupying main position in organisation. In some situations, women have proved to be better managers than men, as they use a more interactive style of management, and more keen to employees needs. When employees needs are fulfill, they are more likely to feel job satisfaction. Corporation social responsible are getting more organization attention and participation as it provides marketing purpose, and also educating the public with minimizing environmental harm and helping the needy.Compared to the past, organisations are not jus t for making profit, but also responsible to the public. Reference list Cennamo, L and Gardner, D 2008, Generational differences in work values, outcomes and person-organization values fit, Journal of Managerial Psychology, vol 23, no. 8, pp 891-906. Karoc-Kakabadse, N. and Kouzmin, A. (2001), Low- and high-context communication patterns towards mapping cross-cultural encounters, Cross Cultural Management, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 3-24. Kotler, P and Lee, N, 2005, Corporate social responsibility doing the most good for your company and your cause, John Wiley and Sons, AUSMcdonalds, G and Zepp, R 1989, subscriber line ethics practical proposal, Journal of Management Development, vol 8, no 1, pp 55-66. McDonalds 2007, McDonalds Australia Corporate companionable Responsibility Report, McDonalds, Australia, viewed on 31 Mar 2009. Mcshane, S and Travaglione T, 2007, Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim, 2ed, McGraw-Hill, AUS Seymen, O 2006, The cultural diversity phenomenon in organis ations and different approaches for effective cultural diversity management a literary review, Cross Culture Management, vol 13, no 4, pp 296-315.Uren, D 2009, One in four workers to go on social welfare, The Australia, 31 Mar, pp, 6. Wartick, S and Wood D, 1998, International business and society, Wiley-Blackwell, US Appendix A Interview Questions The changing workforce a) What do you think is changing workforce? b) Do you think the changing workforce is important in the workplace? c) Why do you think it is/or is not? d) What factors do you think can affect the changing workforce? e) Is there cultural diversity within your employees? Why yes/no? Workplace values and ethics a) What do you think are ethical values? b) Do you think ethical values are important in the workplace? ) Why do you think they are/or are not? d) What factors do you think have affected the way we think about ethical behaviour at work? e) Do you think peoples ethical behaviour at work is affected by what their colleagues or superiors are doing? Appendix B Summary Globalisation has brought challenges and opportunities to the workplace. In the multi-cultural working environment, there are opportunities to learn more from people from diversified backgrounds, which encourages creativity and exchange of ideas. Challenges could be conflicts due to misinterpretation of message, and also cultural differences.An offensive action or word may not mean to be offensive to another person. Misinterpretation could lead to conflict within the organisation, and unrest in a workplace. Therefore active listening and cultural awareness should be practice in a workplace. Misinterpretation could also lead to inefficiency at work. Changing workforce could be due to technology advance whereby employees should continuously learning skills to cope with the changes. With inappropriate skills, it could lead to inefficient completion of task, and also affects organisations productivity.Workplace value and ethics could be a challenge as well, as everyone is different. Different individuals have different values and ethic affecting their decisions and action. Value and ethics of an individual are shaped from past experiences, family upbringing, schooling and religion. Therefore it is something very hard to change. But in a workplace, it is inevitable to work with individuals of different ethics and values. And in serious cases, there could be ethic and value conflicts which could slow down teamworks progress. Therefore it is important to always communication and listen to sort the best way out when a problem occur.Corporate social responsibility is getting the attention of many organsations now. Compared to many years ago, organisation now is not just about making profit. They are more concern about environmental harms, people who need help and also responsible marketing and advertising. For example McDonalds which does community work, do somewhat ups for the environment, discourage wastage, and helping the needy. Most importantly, they engaged in responsible marketing, where they care the food they produce to sell, the wellness issues and also obesity issues linked to their products.Organisational BehaviourCONTENT Introduction1 Trends affecting the workplace 2 The changing workforce 2 Workplace value and ethics .. 4 Interview outcome . 5 Research outcome.. 6 Conclusion.. 8 Reference list.. 9 Appendix A 10 Appendix B 11 Introduction Organizational behaviour knowledge is very important for everyone. It not only benefits a person as an individual, but also influences organization events.There are five organizational behaviour trends in the workplace globalization, the changing workforce, evolving employment relationships, virtual work, and workplace values and ethics. In this essay, we will talk about two of them which are the changing workforce and workplace values and ethics. For the changing workforce, as Mcshane and Travaglione (2007) said there are primary and secondary dimensions of workforce diversity. And those diversities can present both opportunities and challenges in organization. Workplace values and ethics is a significant part of organizational behaviour trends. It can dictate peoples priorities, preferences and desires (Mcshane & Travaglione 2007, p 13). In order to understand these two trends better, I interviewed a manager who has six years work experience in Seven-Eleven store. During this face-to face interview, some relevant questions were asked. And the research result is quite helpful. Trends affecting the workplace 1. The changing workforce With the development of globalisation, workforce diversity has become one of the most important trends that affect the workforce. People who work in the same workplace may have different religion, education and work experience.And those diversities can bring opportunities and challenges to an organization. Racial diversity Ethnic and racial diversity in the workplace is a core value in organiz ation. For example, Canada is a diverse country with a number of ethnic groups. Visible minorities account for 10 per cent of the Canadian population in 1995 and this figure is expected to double by 2015 (Demers, cite in Seymen 2006). Furthermore, Atiyyah (cited in Seymen 2006)in his work, concentrates on workforce diversity which is composed of Americans, Europeans, mainly Asian countries such as India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Iran and Persian Gulf countries.Today,with globalisation increasingly happening , majority of organisation have seen multicultural background employees as a important part of success in this highly diversified society. The advantage of having a multi cultural group of employees in an organization is it broadens an organizations view as they exchange ideas and opinions, working towards making a better and more effective business decision. However a diversified organization also has its disadvantage. One of the problems to overcome is cross-cultural co mmunication.For members of different culture, they interpret certain words, actions or signals differently. As Karoc-kakabadse and kouzmin (2001) highlights that different cultures have different understanding regarding the interaction process and the different style of dialogues. Some misunderstanding could occur due to different interpretation and cause workplace disagreements Therefore in a diversified environment, it is important to practice cultural awareness as to avoid misinterpretation which could lead to unproductive working attitudes within an organization.Women in workforce Compare to the many years ago, woman in the workforce have increased intensively. Women have proven to be better at managing staff in an organization as they are more people-orientated. As Mcshane and Travaglione (2007) suggest that compared to male managers, woman managers are more relationship orientated and adopt a stronger emphasis on teams and employee involvement. However in many occasion, woman have stronger family commitment compared to men. Therefore higher percentages of main position in organization are mostly men.On the other hand, woman have been increasingly joining the workforce as many organization have better working conditions offered to woman such as longer maternity leave and in some organizations, childcare services are introduced to help woman return to the workforce after childbirth. Generational diversity Generational diversity could present opportunities as well as challenges in an organization(Mcshane & Travaglione 2007). Basically, generation X and generation Y has different work values as generation X go for job security while generation Y goes more for job satisfaction, status and social involvement(Cinnamo & Gardner 2008).By understanding generational diversity, it could help to identify employees needs, in turn managers or employers could come up with organization policies that matches those needs which could result in better job satisfaction and al so low employee turnover. Employee turnover disadvantages an organisation as recruitment cost time, effort and money. And retaining employees with experiences, and training employees giving them more skills could in turn help the organization reach greater heights.Advantages of generational diversity could be improved decision making and team performance on complex tasks. In a diverse society, a diverse workforce would provide a better customer service too. This is one of the reasons why some organizations choose employees of diversified backgrounds and generations. 2Workplace value and ethics Importance of values in workplace McDonald and Zepp (2007) define values as the embodiment of what an organization stands for, and should be the basis for the behaviour of its members. Value and ethics guide employees actions, behaviours and making decisions.The influence of family, religion , community will determine individual values, Within an organization, when employees have clash of valu es , It becomes very difficult for them to work together , therefore having a set of organization work policy is very important , it defines the appropriate ethics and values that employees should have. With increasing cultural diversity these days, it is very important to find shared values that majority in an organization believe in, to promote harmony and also increase efficiency as they work together.However due to society diversity, ethical conflict could occur. As Wartick and Wood (1998) defines ethical conflicts as dissonances among principles of right among principles of wrong. At a workplace, it is common to come across ethical conflict whereby both parties reckon they are right in their own way, making decision to the benefit of the organisation. In this situation, conflict resolution comes in, where they should together and put their differences aside, and come up with an ideal solution. Corporate social responsibilityCorporate social responsible is the organizations mora l obligation towards all of its stakeholders. Otherwise as Kotler and Lee (2005) define corporate responsible is a commitment to improve community well-being through discretionary business practices and contributions of corporate resources. This refers to a voluntary commitment a business is making in choosing an implementing these practices rather than mandated by law or by other ethical issues. Big organizations like Westpac and McDonalds practice corporate social responsible.First and foremost, due to their finance ability, and also to its massive marketing campaigns which due to influences the public. According to Macdonald CSR report 2007, over the years, they have been involved in caring for the environment, contribution to the Australian economy, practicing food safety and responsible marketing, and also giving scholarship and grants to children. In recent years, organizations are no longer after just profit-making, corporate social responsible is getting more and more busine sses attention. Interview outcomeIn order to under to understand these two trends better, a manager of Severn-Eleven who has six year experience has been interviewed. During the face-to-face interview, ten relevant questions were asked. Here is the interview outcome. The changing workforce a) What do you think is changing workforce? I think changing workforce is the replacement of skilled labour, and training employees when the situation is required. b) Do you think the changing workforce is important in the workplace? Yes. I think it is important in a workplace. c) Why do you think it is/or is not?With demands around us constantly changing, it is important for us to prepare ourselves with skills, knowledge that is needed to cope with these changes. If not it will be difficult for our business to compete in this harsh and competitive environment. d) What factors do you think can affect the changing workforce? Technology advance could affect the changing workforce. e) Is there cultur al diversity within your employees? Why yes/no? Yes, I employ a mixture of races of employees within my organsation, and they get along pretty well.I chose employees from different background mainly because of the multi-cultural environment we have in Victoria, and also the ideas they be able to exchange as they work together. Workplace values and ethics a) What do you think are ethical values? Ethical values are what one think is right or wrong and it guides ones actions. For example, here in 7-Eleven ethical principles are those tell the truth, take complaints seriously, treat customers and employees fairly and so on. b) Do you think ethical values are important in the workplace? Yes, it is important. ) Why do you think they are/or are not? They provide behaviour rules that can control ones thoughts and actions. They can affect ones decision making and organizations operation. d) What factors do you think have affected the way we think about ethical behaviour at work? It may be pa st work experience, cultural practices and family influences. e) Do you think peoples ethical behaviour at work is affected by what their colleagues or superiors are doing? Yes, as the working environment of a person could directly affect a persons decision and actions. Research outcomeAccording to this interview, it is evident that employers find the need for employees continue acquiring skills to keep up with the changing workforce. As technology advances, it increases challenges in the workplace. For example machines and computers replacing human labour. Uren (2009) stated during recession, women, by contrast, have done better in the services sector of the economy, which is not as severely affected by recessions as manufacturing. As intangible service can only be provide by human labour. When equipped with skills, it is not difficult to cope with the changing workforce.Generally there is agreement about the trends compared to the interview results as the employer interviewed emph asized about inquiring new skills, and also supports cultural diversity within her chosen employees. Upon entering an organisation, ethics and value do affect an employees attitude and judgment, however his or her values could be shaped by religion, family upbringing, past experiences, therefore it is something hard to change. Corporate social responsibility educates and affects not only the organisations external environment it affects the internal environment as well.Employees could learn proper way ethics on the way, as the organisation carry out campaigns, and it could guide the employees, giving them the ability and knowledge to help the public and needy and cutting down on environmental harm. Upon reflecting, the results we have got from the interview were useful and also highlight the importance of the changing workforce and ethics and values in organsations. We would have a better idea of what to expect when u enter the workforce. My new knowledge would influence me to devel op cultural awareness in this multi-cultural environment, and also to keep up with changes, by learning new skills on the way.Conclusion From the above literature review, we could conclude that generational and cultural diversity may not be a bad thing, it broadens employees views and prospects, allows them to exchange ideas and interact , bringing out better opportunities in the global market. However, there are its short-comings, like ethics and value conflict and also cross-cultural communication problems. These could lead to major issue like misinterpretation of information and employee conflicts, which could affect employees performance and productivity.In recent years, there are increasing women joining the workforce, furthermore, occupying main position in organisation. In some situations, women have proved to be better managers than men, as they use a more interactive style of management, and more sensitive to employees needs. When employees needs are fulfill, they are more likely to feel job satisfaction. Corporation social responsible are getting more organization attention and participation as it provides marketing purpose, and also educating the public with minimizing environmental harm and helping the needy.Compared to the past, organisations are not just for making profit, but also responsible to the public. Reference list Cennamo, L and Gardner, D 2008, Generational differences in work values, outcomes and person-organization values fit, Journal of Managerial Psychology, vol 23, no. 8, pp 891-906. Karoc-Kakabadse, N. and Kouzmin, A. (2001), Low- and high-context communication patterns towards mapping cross-cultural encounters, Cross Cultural Management, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 3-24. Kotler, P and Lee, N, 2005, Corporate social responsibility doing the most good for your company and your cause, John Wiley and Sons, AUSMcdonalds, G and Zepp, R 1989, Business ethics practical proposal, Journal of Management Development, vol 8, no 1, pp 55-66. McDonalds 2007, McDonalds Australia Corporate Social Responsibility Report, McDonalds, Australia, viewed on 31 Mar 2009. Mcshane, S and Travaglione T, 2007, Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim, 2ed, McGraw-Hill, AUS Seymen, O 2006, The cultural diversity phenomenon in organisations and different approaches for effective cultural diversity management a literary review, Cross Culture Management, vol 13, no 4, pp 296-315.Uren, D 2009, One in four workers to go on welfare, The Australia, 31 Mar, pp, 6. Wartick, S and Wood D, 1998, International business and society, Wiley-Blackwell, US Appendix A Interview Questions The changing workforce a) What do you think is changing workforce? b) Do you think the changing workforce is important in the workplace? c) Why do you think it is/or is not? d) What factors do you think can affect the changing workforce? e) Is there cultural diversity within your employees? Why yes/no? Workplace values and ethics a) What do you think are ethical values? b) Do you think ethical values are important in the workplace? ) Why do you think they are/or are not? d) What factors do you think have affected the way we think about ethical behaviour at work? e) Do you think peoples ethical behaviour at work is affected by what their colleagues or superiors are doing? Appendix B Summary Globalisation has brought challenges and opportunities to the workplace. In the multi-cultural working environment, there are opportunities to learn more from people from diversified backgrounds, which encourages creativity and exchange of ideas. Challenges could be conflicts due to misinterpretation of message, and also cultural differences.An offensive action or word may not mean to be offensive to another person. Misinterpretation could lead to conflict within the organisation, and unrest in a workplace. Therefore active listening and cultural awareness should be practice in a workplace. Misinterpretation could also lead to inefficiency at work. Changing workforce c ould be due to technology advance whereby employees should continuously learning skills to cope with the changes. With inappropriate skills, it could lead to inefficient completion of task, and also affects organisations productivity.Workplace value and ethics could be a challenge as well, as everyone is different. Different individuals have different values and ethic affecting their decisions and action. Value and ethics of an individual are shaped from past experiences, family upbringing, schooling and religion. Therefore it is something very hard to change. But in a workplace, it is inevitable to work with individuals of different ethics and values. And in serious cases, there could be ethic and value conflicts which could slow down teamworks progress. Therefore it is important to always communication and listen to sort the best way out when a problem occur.Corporate social responsibility is getting the attention of many organsations now. Compared to many years ago, organisation now is not just about making profit. They are more concern about environmental harms, people who need help and also responsible marketing and advertising. For example McDonalds which does community work, do clean ups for the environment, discourage wastage, and helping the needy. Most importantly, they engaged in responsible marketing, where they care the food they produce to sell, the health issues and also obesity issues linked to their products.